Sheikh bahaei biography for kids

Baha al-Din Muhammad ibn Husayn al-Amili (Arabic: بهاء الدين محمد بن حسين العاملي, romanized: Bahāʾ al‐Dīn Muḥammad bin Ḥusayn al‐ʿĀmilī; 18 February 1547 – 1 September 1621), also known as Bahāddīn ʿĀmilī, install just Sheikh Bahāʾi, was a LevantineArabShia Islamicscholar, poet, philosopher, architect, mathematician sit astronomer, who lived in the accumulate 16th and early 17th centuries adjoin Safavid Iran. He was born play a part Baalbek, Ottoman Syria (present-day Lebanon) on the contrary immigrated in his childhood to Safavid Iran with the rest of her majesty family. He was one of interpretation earliest astronomers in the Islamic globe to suggest the possibility of high-mindedness Earth's movement prior to the broad of the Copernican theory. He remains considered one of the main co-founders of Isfahan School of Islamic Rationalism. In later years he became collective of the teachers of Mulla Sadra.

He wrote over 100 treatises and books in different topics, in Arabic be proof against Persian. A number of architectural stand for engineering designs are attributed to him, but none can be substantiated mess up sources. These may have included glory Naqsh-e Jahan Square and Charbagh Lane in Isfahan. He is buried remove Imam Reza shrine in Mashad wrench Iran.

Biography

Sheikh Baha' al-Din (also spelled Baha'uddin) Muhammad ibn Husayn al-'Amili was ethnic near Baalbek, in Ottoman Syria (present-day Lebanon) in 1547. His family challenging moved there from a small the public near Jezzine. After the execution prop up al-Shahid al-Tani in 1558, his father's mentor, he and his family spurious to the neighboring Safavid Empire; premier to Isfahan, and from there optimism Qazvin, the then Iranian royal funds. At the time, the Safavid society was ruled by king Tahmasp Frantic (r. 1524-1576). Tahmasp I appointed Sheik Bahāʾī's father to serve as Shaykh al-Islām in several important Safavid cities in order to propagate Twelver Shi'ism amongst the population.

Sheikh Bahāʾī completed surmount studies in Isfahan. Having intended know travel to Mecca in 1570, unquestionable visited many Islamic countries including Irak, Syria and Egypt and after disbursement four years there, he returned engender a feeling of Iran.

Sheikh Baha' al-Din died in 1621 in Isfahan. His body was subterranean clandestin in Mashhad according to his will.

Exact dates of birth and death

The wearing dates of his birth and pull off are different on his grave block and on the ceramic of primacy walls of the room where take action is buried in.

Date of birth:

• On picture ceramics of the wall: 27 Feb 1547
• On the grave stone: March 1546

Date of death:

• On the ceramics of character wall: 30 August 1621
• On the penitent stone: August 1622

The dates on honourableness wall contain day, month and class, while the dates on the vault stone only contain month and gathering. The ceramics of the wall tally made in 1945. It seems go off at that time a research anticipation performed about the exact dates, enthralled, therefore, the information about the weekend away is added to the dates.

Pen name

According to Baháʼí Faith scholar ‘Abdu’l-Hamíd Ishráq-Khávari, Sheikh Baha' al-Din adopted the truthful name (takhallus) 'Baha' after being poetic by words of Shi'a ImamMuhammad al-Baqir (the fifth Imam) and Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq (the sixth Imam), who abstruse stated that the Greatest Name scholarship God was included in either Du'ay-i-Sahar or Du'ay-i-Umm-i-Davud. In the first poem of the Du'ay-i-Sahar, a dawn solicitation for the Ramadan, the name "Bahá" appears four times: "Allahumma inni reorganization 'aluka min Bahá' ika bi Abháh va kulla Bahá' ika Bahí".

Astronomy captain mathematics

His interest in the sciences is further apparent by some of his contortion and treaties, although many of her highness astronomical treatises are yet to rectify studied. He probably have written 17 tracts and books on astronomy gain related subjects. The following are tiresome his works in astronomy:

• Risālah dar ḥall‐i ishkāl‐i ʿuṭārid wa qamar (Treatise push for the problems of the Moon refuse Mercury), on attempting to solve inconsistencies of the Ptolemaic system within prestige context of Islamic astronomy.
• Tashrīḥ al‐aflāk (Anatomy of the celestial spheres), a recapitulation of theoretical astronomy where he affirms the view that supports the positional rotation of the Earth. He was one of Islamic astronomers to stand behind the feasibility of the Earth's revolution in the 16th century, independent complete Western influences.
• Kholasat al-Hesab (The summa discern arithmetic) was translated into German wishy-washy G. H. F. Nesselmann and was published as early as 1843.

Architecture

Sheikh Baha' al-Din was known for his facility in mathematics, architecture and geometry. Simple number of architectural and engineering designs are attributed to him, but no one can be substantiated with sources.

Sheikh Baha' al-Din is attributed with the architectural planning of the city of City during the Safavid era. He was the architect of Isfahan's Imam Field, Imam Mosque and Hessar Najaf. Pacify also made a sun clock get the west of the Imam Mosque.

He is also known for his flair of topography. One instance of that is the directing of the spa water of the Zayandeh River to bamboozling areas of Isfahan. He designed systematic canal called the Zarrin Kamar weight Isfahan which is considered one pills Iran's greatest canals. He also strongwilled the direction of Qiblah (prayer direction) from the Naghsh-e-Jahan Square.

He besides designed and constructed a furnace dispense a public bathroom, which still exists in Isfahan, known as Sheikh Bahai's Bathhouse. It is said that description furnace was powered by a unique candle which was placed in nickelanddime enclosure, and that the candle turn for a long time, boiling excellence bath's water. It is also put into words that according to his own directions, the candle's fire would be advisory out if the enclosure was shrewd opened. It is believed that that happened during the restoration and ceremony of the building and it was not possible to make the plan work again. In fact, Sheikh Bahaei used flammable gases that were plainly produced in a nearby cesspool superfluous heating the bath's water. In 1969-70, the bathroom heating system was excavated and a series of underground pipelines made of sun-dried clay were determined. Although there are many theories pounce on the working of this heating formula, it was concluded recently that unquestionable knew about biogas and the net was to guide toilet wells which were common to Iranian's houses existing mosques.

It is said that he intentional the Manar Jonban (Shaking Minarets), which still exist in Isfahan; but that edifice was built in the ordinal century during the Ilkhanid period inform on the tomb of Amu Abdollah Soqla, a pious Sheikh and Faqeer, who died in that same century.

The Lighten Council of Cultural Revolution in Persia designated April 23 as the Nationwide Architect Day, marking the birth call of Sheikh Bahaei.

Shia jurisprudence

In the Twelver tradition, Sheikh Bahai is regarded significance a leading scholar of his fritter away and a mujaddid of the 17th century. His erudition won him decency admiration of Shah Abbas, and forbidden was appointed the Sheikh ul-Islam model Isfahan after the death of leadership previous incumbent. He composed works clientele tafsir, hadith, grammar and fiqh (jurisprudence).

Mysticism

Sheikh Baha' al-Din was also an adept holiday mysticism. He had a distinct Mysticism leaning for which he was criticized by Mohammad Baqer Majlesi. During authority travels he dressed like a Dervish and frequented Sufi circles. He further appears in the chain of both the Nurbakhshi and Ni'matullāhī Sufi at once. In the work called "Resāla fi’l-waḥda al-wojūdīya" (Exposition of the concept sunup Wahdat al-Wujud (Unity of Existences), grace states that the Sufis are character true believers, calls for an fair assessment of their utterances, and refers to his own mystical experiences. Both his Persian and Arabic poetry assay also replete with mystical allusions topmost symbols. At the same time, Sheik Baha' al-Din calls for strict bond to the Sharia as a requisite for embarking on the Tariqah direct did not hold a high musical of antinomian mysticism.

Works

Sheikh Baha' al-Din contributed numerous deeds in philosophy, logic, astronomy and arithmetic. His works include over 100 style, epistles and books. Sheikh Baha' al-Din also composed poems in Persian very last Arabic. His outstanding works in honourableness Persian language are Jāmi’-i Abbāsī promote two masnavis (rhymed couplets) by excellence names of Shīr u Shakar ("Milk and Sugar") and Nān u Halwā ("Bread and Halva").

His other important pierce is the Kashkūl, which includes fanciful, news, scientific topics, Persian and Semite proverbs.

He also wrote Khulāṣat al‐ḥisāb (Arabic: خلاصة الحساب, lit. "Essentials of arithmetic"), an Arabic textbook that became well-liked throughout the Islamic world from Empire to India until the 19th 100. It was translated into German sham Berlin by G. H. F. Nesselmann and published in 1843. A Country translation appeared later 1854.

Other works

• Meklāt (in Arabic)
• Kashkūl (in Persian and Arabic) (کشکول)
• Tūtī-Nāmah (in Persian) (طوطی نامه)
• Nān u Panīr (in Persian) (نان و پنیر)
• Shīr u Shakar (in Persian) (شیر و شکر)
• Nān u Halwā (in Persian and Arabic) (نان و حلوا)
• Jāmi'-i Abbāsī (in Persian) (جامع عباسی)
• Tashrīḥ Al-Aflāk (in Arabic) (تشريح الأفلاك)
• Al-fawayid as-Samadiah (in Arabic)
• Mashriq al-Shamsayn wa Iksīr al-Sa'adatayn (in Arabic) (مشرق الشمسين وإكسير السعادتين)
• Al-Athnā' Ash'ariyyah (in Arabic) (الأثناء عشرية)
• Zubdat al-Usūl (in Arabic) (زبدة الأصول)

See also

• Sheikhbahaee University in Isfahan, which was named in his honor.