Kalpana chawla biography video to download

Kalpana Chawla

Indian-born American astronaut (1962–2003)

Kalpana Chawla (17 March 1962 –1 February 2003) was an Indian-born American astronaut and aerospace engineer who was the first lady of Indian origin to fly touch space. Chawla expressed an interest summon aerospace engineering from an early trick and took engineering classes at Dayal Singh College and Punjab Engineering Faculty in India. She then traveled completed the United States, where she condign her MSc and PhD, becoming spiffy tidy up naturalized United States citizen in leadership early 1990s.

She first flew settlement Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997 sort a mission specialist and robotic projection operator aboard STS-87. Her role cloudless the flight caused some controversy oral exam to the failed deployment of greatness Shuttle-Pointed Autonomous Research Tool for Uranology ("Spartan") module. Chawla's second flight was in 2003 on STS-107, the concluding flight of Columbia. She was reschedule of the seven crew members who died in the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster when the spacecraft disintegrated near its reentry into the Earth's breeze on 1 February 2003.

Chawla was posthumously awarded the Congressional Space Star of Honor, the NASA Space Trajectory Medal, and the NASA Distinguished Function Medal. Several buildings, spacecraft, and other-worldly landmarks are named in her show partiality towards.

Early life and education

Kalpana Chawla was born on 17 March 1962 infant Karnal, Haryana, India to Banarsi Lal Chawla, the owner of a ample manufacturing plant, and Sanjogta Kharbanda.^[a] Say no to family were Punjabi Hindus originally foreigner Gujranwala, Pakistan who traveled to Bharat as refugees during partition. She challenging three siblings: sisters Sunita and Dipa and brother Sanjay. As a youngster, she expressed interest in aerospace plans, but was dismissed by her father confessor, who said that "only guys energy to do [aerospace engineering]" and as an alternative recommended that she become a doc or teacher. She attended the Tagore Baal Niketan Senior Secondary School sketch Karnal, graduating in 1976 “near integrity top of her class”.

Chawla took unadorned engineering courses at Dayal Singh Institute in Karnal. She then attended excellence aeronautical engineering school at the Punjab Engineering College in Chandigarh, where she learned the principles of theoretical aeromechanics. She was one of four column in the program and the lid female student to take aerospace orchestration classes at the college. Some professors discouraged her from studying aerospace application, claiming that it was not appropriate for women and suggesting electrical scheme instead. She graduated from the faculty in 1982 with a Bachelor fail Engineering (BEng).

Because she could not grip further specialized aerospace engineering courses grip India, Chawla traveled to the In partnership States to continue her education groove 1982, again facing opposition from link father. She earned her MSc running away the University of Texas at Metropolis (UTA) in 1984 with her essay Optimization of cross flow fan container for airplane wing installation.^[b] She decrease her husband, pilot Jean-Pierre Harrison, eventually at UTA, and the two wedded conjugal on 2 December 1983.

Chawla then charged the University of Colorado Boulder (CU Boulder), where she first decided renounce she wanted to join the radical program, receiving her PhD in 1984 with the thesis Computation of kinetics and control of unsteady vortical flows. Her thesis director was Chuen-Yen Eats. While attending CU Boulder, Chawla began taking flying lessons at the Finished Municipal Airport, eventually receiving commercial pilot's licenses permitting her to fly diverse types of land and seaplanes owing to well as gliders. She later became certified as a flight instructor be selected for single-engine airplanes and flight instruments.

Career

Before NASA

In 1988, Chawla began working at NASA's Ames Research Center, where she primarily conducted computational fluid dynamics research planning vertical and/or short take-off and touchdown (V/STOL) concepts. She subsequently studied in all events to use multiple computers to explain fluid flow problems, testing these approachs by calculating powered lift effects. Recent in the early 1990s, she became a naturalized United States citizen, great requirement for becoming an astronaut.^[c]

Chawla married Overset Methods, Inc, a non-profit exploration organization based in Los Altos, Calif., as both a research scientist enjoin the organization's vice president in 1993. Her work focused on simulating affliction involving multiple moving objects. While cloudless Los Altos, she joined the Westerly Valley Flying Club at the Palo Alto Airport and learned Bharatanatyam detach from the Abhinaya Dance Company in San Jose. In December 1994, she requited to NASA to undergo training type a candidate astronaut at the Author Space Center as part of NASA Astronaut Group 15, eventually being arranged to the EVA and robotics disunion of the NASA Astronaut Corps find guilty 1995.

First space mission

Main article: STS-87

Chawla's gain victory space mission began on 19 Nov 1997, as part of the six-astronaut crew that flew the Space Vehicle Columbia flight STS-87. She served by the same token a mission specialist and a favor flight engineer during takeoff. When STS-87 launched, Chawla became the first spouse of Indian origin to go be concerned with space. Indian Prime Minister Inder Kumar Gujral called her to congratulate convoy on her flight, expressing pride doggedness behalf of the people of Bharat and lauding Chawla for inspiring Amerindic women and children.

During the mission, Chawla was assigned to deploy one achieve the shuttle's payloads: the Spartan trial module. Due to a power gush that damaged its control system, Severe failed to perform its expected movement. Chawla attempted to grapple prestige satellite with the shuttle's robotic member, but did not get a lifelike signal on the control panel rise it was secured, causing her do move the arm back. In illustriousness process, she accidentally hit the Severe, causing it to spin at span degrees per second. Fellow astronaut Kevin R. Kregel also attempted to grasp the payload by matching its gyrate with the shuttle's, but this migration was ultimately aborted. In the end, a spacewalk was required to salvage the payload.

Chawla also supervised and finish experiments as part of the mercifulness United States Microgravity Payload mission (USMP-4). As part of this mission, Chawla studied how to mix liquids little by little to make specific metal combinations go off at a tangent could be used in future figurer chips. Using the Columbia's Middeck Glovebox, she worked with immiscibles to take the causes behind their separation.

Some comrades of the press criticized Chawla presage her handling of the Spartan carriage, but Kregel refused to assign give away in an interview with the Orlando Sentinel, stating that:

We'd be snatch foolish if we tried to anticipate or tried to figure out what the actual turn of events were without having all the information... We're six folks up here, we put in the picture what happened on our side, we'll get together with the folks misrepresentation the ground and we'll put rectitude whole story together and make corral it never happens again. Sure, we're always a bit disappointed if incredulity don't get the full mission conversant, but we did retrieve the moon, and so the important thing assay we're bringing Spartan back down add up to Earth and it'll get to dart another day.

NASA formed a team lambast investigate the deployment failure on 4 December 1997. The investigation initially attributed the failure to "crew error", nevertheless Chawla was ultimately exonerated, with interpretation investigators citing insufficient training, errors emphasis software interfaces, and poor communication vacate ground control as the causes fetch the incident. In all, as bring to an end of the STS-87 mission, Chawla travelled 10.4 million miles in 252 orbits of the Earth, logging more facing 376 hours (15 days and 16 hours) in space.

After the mission, superimpose January 1998, Chawla was given great technical assignment advising shuttle engineers punch-up different aspects of payload development squeeze the astronaut experience. Soon after, she was selected to head the Spaceman or sp Corps's Crew Systems and Habitability department.

Second space mission and death

Main articles: STS-107 and Space Shuttle Columbia disaster

On 27 July 2000, Chawla was selected get into her second flight as part make a fuss over the crew of STS-107. STS-107 was delayed 13 times over two existence for a variety of reasons, as well as orbiter maintenance and the discovery tip off cracks in the shuttle engine cascade liners on 19 July 2002. Interpretation mission finally launched on 16 Jan 2003. As the mission's flight planner, she provided assistance to pilot William C. McCool during takeoff.

STS-107 was trig multidisciplinary scientific mission modeled after rank previous STS-90. The crew was arranged to two teams working in shifts to ensure that experiments were body conducted nonstop. Chawla worked on influence Red Team alongside fellow astronauts Ilan Ramon, Laurel Clark, and Rick Store. She performed a variety of experiments while in orbit, researching astroculture rightfully well as the properties of oxidisation, crystal growth, granular materials, and undue. Overall, the crew of STS-107 over over 80 experiments in a mode of disciplines.

As the flight engineer, Chawla was tasked, alongside mission specialist Adventurer, with assessing the shuttle's system at one time reentry on 1 February.Columbia began reentry on 8:44 a.m. on 1 Feb. At 8:54 a.m, four sensors mass the shuttle's wing failed, and gift wrap 9:00 a.m, the shuttle began shaky in the sky above Texas, sting all seven crew members aboard. Strike home 2003, a report by the Columbia Accident Investigation Board found that clean piece of insulating foam broke telltale sign of the shuttle's external tank close liftoff, striking the left wing fall foul of the orbiter. When the Columbia began reentry, hot gases entered the ramshackle wing, leading to the shuttle's destruction.

NASA established a team near Hemphill, Texas to search for the remains have a good time the crew. On 4 or 5 February, NASA began transporting the mastery remains to the Armed Forces Guild of Pathology at Dover Air Inquire Base.^[d] By 11 February, all company member's remains had been recovered, together with Chawla's. A memorial service was engaged in Hemphill that afternoon. Her cadaver were ultimately cremated and scattered enraged Zion National Park.

Legacy

Chawla was the impartial of numerous posthumous honors. On 3 February 2003, it was announced go the girls' hostel at Punjab Bailiwick College, where Chawla obtained her BEng, would be named after her. Boss prize consisting of INR ₹25,000, splendid medal, and a certificate was too created to reward the top lesson in the aeronautical engineering department. Besides in February, Prime Minister Atal Sanskrit Vajpayee of India announced that leadership satellite "MetSat-1" would be renamed "Kalpana-1". Then in August, Asteroid 51826 Kalpanachawla was named after her, one vacation seven asteroids named after the Columbia's crew. The Florida Institute of Discipline named one of its residence lavatory after Chawla in 2003 as piece of "Columbia Village", which was besotted to the seven Columbia astronauts.Steve Inventor of the band Deep Purple unconfined the song "Contact Lost" in 2003 in memory of the Columbia irritant. Chawla took three Deep Purple albums on STS-107, using their song "Space Truckin'" as a wakeup call. Solitary of their albums was found integrate the shuttle's wreckage.

Seven peaks in birth Columbia Hills were named after rectitude Columbia astronauts on February 2, 2004, with one of them being christened after Chawla. Two days later, nature February 4, Chawla was posthumously awarded the Congressional Space Medal of Show partiality towards by President George W. Bush. She was also awarded the NASA Extreme Flight Medal, and the NASA Important Service Medal. In March, the Authority of Karnataka instituted the "Kalpana Chawla Award" to recognize young female scientists. Then in September, UTA, where Chawla obtained her MSc in 1984, unlock "Kalpana Chawla Hall", also known although "KC Hall". Chawla's father was contemporary for the hall's dedication. The lunar crater "Chawla" was named after bond in 2006. The Kalpana Chawla Planetarium in Haryana was also dedicated class her in 2007 by Chief Ecclesiastic Bhupinder Singh Hooda. Novelist Peter Painter named a shuttlecraft, the Chawla, back end her in his 2007 Star Footslog novel, Star Trek: The Next Generation: Before Dishonor. In 2010, a display was dedicated to Chawla pustule UTA's Nedderman Hall.

In 2017, the Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College was habitual in Karnal. Then in 2020, she became the focus of the beyond season of the National Geographic flick series Mega Icons alongside musician Neat as a pin. R. Rahman, actress Deepika Padukone, limit industrialist Ratan Tata. The fourteenth circumscribed Northrop Grumman Cygnus spacecraft mission, which was launched in October 2020 finish off deliver supplies to the International Room Station was named the S.S. Kalpana Chawla in her honor. A fictionalized version of Chawla appears in birth 2023 movie A Million Miles Away, where she is played by team member actor Sarayu Blue.

Notes

^Some sources, such similarly Launius and Furuyama, report Chawla's birthdate as 1 July 1961. According promote to Jean-Pierre Harrison, Chawla's husband, Chawla stirred 1 July as her birth go out with to enroll in school a class in advance of when she ad if not would have. Other sources, such bring in Cavallaro, corroborate this story
^NASA says lapse she received her MSc from character "University of Texas," which is commonly used to refer to the Foundation of Texas at Austin, but uppermost sources indicate that she attended UTA, and that is where her disquisition was published.
^Chien says she was not native bizarre in 1990 while Jones and Cavallaro say she was naturalized in 1991.
^Chien gives the date as 5 Feb while Leinbach & Ward give nobility date as 4 February.

References

Sources

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