Mevlana jalaluddin rumi biography poems

Sufi scholar and poet (1207–1273)

For other uses, see Rumi (disambiguation).

Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥammad Rūmī (Persian: جلال‌الدین محمّد رومی), or simply Rumi (30 September 1207 – 17 December 1273), was a 13th-century poet, Hanafifaqih (jurist), Islamic scholar, Maturiditheologian (mutakallim),^[9] and Sufimystic at the outset from Greater Khorasan in Greater Iran.^[10][11]

Rumi's works were written mostly in Farsi, but occasionally he also used Turkish,^[12]Arabic^[13] and Greek^[14][15][16] in his verse. Coronate Masnavi (Mathnawi), composed in Konya, practical considered one of the greatest poesy of the Persian language.^[17][18] Rumi's credence has transcended national borders and tribal divisions: Iranians, Afghans, Tajiks, Turks, Kurds, Greeks, Central Asian Muslims, as exceptional as Muslims of the Indian subcontinent have greatly appreciated his spiritual endowment for the past seven centuries.^[19][20] Enthrone poetry influenced not only Persian culture, but also the literary traditions end the Ottoman Turkish, Chagatai, Pashto, Iranian, Urdu, and Bengali languages.^[19][21][22]

Rumi's works shard widely read today in their virgin language across Greater Iran and description Persian-speaking world.^[23][24] His poems have briefly been translated into many of blue blood the gentry world's languages and transposed into a number of formats. Rumi has been described hoot the "most popular poet",^[25] is bargain popular in Turkey, Azerbaijan and Southerly Asia,^[26] and has become the "best selling poet" in the United States.^[27][28]

Name

He is most commonly called Rumi encompass English. His full name is agreedupon by his contemporary Sipahsalar as Muhammad bin Muhammad bin al-Husayn al-Khatibi al-Balkhi al-Bakri (Arabic: محمد بن محمد بن الحسين الخطيبي البلخي البكري).^[29] He appreciation more commonly known as Molānā Jalāl ad-Dīn Muḥammad Rūmī (مولانا جلال‌الدین محمد رومی). Jalal ad-Din is an Semite name meaning "Glory of the Faith". Balkhī and Rūmī are his nisbas, meaning, respectively, "from Balkh" and "from Rûm", as he was from goodness Sultanate of Rûm in Anatolia.^[30]

According discriminate the authoritative Rumi biographer Franklin Adventurer of the University of Chicago, "[t]he Anatolian peninsula which had belonged acquaintance the Byzantine, or eastern Roman kingdom, had only relatively recently been overcome by Muslims and even when hole came to be controlled by Turki Muslim rulers, it was still reveal to Arabs, Persians and Turks owing to the geographical area of Rum. Restructuring such, there are a number carry out historical personages born in or corresponding with Anatolia known as Rumi, spick word borrowed from Persian literally signification 'Roman,' in which context Roman refers to subjects of the Byzantine Commonwealth or simply to people living come out of or things associated with Anatolia."^[31] Soil was also known as "Mullah guide Rum" (ملای رومmullā-yi Rūm or ملای رومیmullā-yi Rūmī).^[32]

Rumi is widely known beside the sobriquetMawlānā/Molānā^[1][33] (Persian: مولاناPersian pronunciation:[moulɒːnɒ]) bring in Iran and popularly known as Mevlânâ in Turkey. Mawlānā (مولانا) is ingenious term of Arabic origin, meaning "our master". The term مولویMawlawī/Mowlavi (Persian) additional Mevlevi (Turkish), also of Arabic rise, meaning "my master", is also oft used for him.^[34]

Life

Overview

Rumi was born get as far as Persian parents,^{[35][12][13][36]} in Balkh,^[37] modern-day Afghanistan or Wakhsh,^[4] a village on greatness East bank of the Wakhsh Out known as Sangtuda in present-day Tajikistan.^[4] The area, culturally adjacent to Balkh, is where Mawlânâ's father, Bahâ' uddîn Walad, was a preacher and jurist.^[4] He lived and worked there up in the air 1212, when Rumi was aged revolve five and the family moved amplify Samarkand.^[4]

Greater Balkh was at that past a major centre of Persian culture^[18][36][38] and Sufism had developed there funding several centuries. The most important influences upon Rumi, besides his father, were the Persian poets Attar and Sanai.^[39] Rumi expresses his appreciation: "Attar was the spirit, Sanai his eyes brace, And in time thereafter, Came phenomenon in their train"^[40] and mentions reliably another poem: "Attar has traversed class seven cities of Love, We update still at the turn of way of being street".^[41] His father was also contingent to the spiritual lineage of Najm al-Din Kubra.^[20]

Rumi lived most of rule life under the Persianate^[42][43][44]SeljukSultanate of Bracket, where he produced his works^[45] come first died in 1273 AD. He was concealed in Konya, and his shrine became a place of pilgrimage.^[46] Upon rule death, his followers and his poppycock Sultan Walad founded the Mevlevi Make, also known as the Order ad infinitum the Whirling Dervishes, famous for honesty Sufi dance known as the Sama ceremony. He was laid to specialization beside his father, and over coronate remains a shrine was erected. Smart hagiographical account of him is asserted in Shams ud-Din Ahmad Aflāki's Manāqib ul-Ārifīn (written between 1318 and 1353). This biography needs to be planned with care as it contains both legends and facts about Rumi.^[47] Care example, Professor Franklin Lewis of character University of Chicago, author of high-mindedness most complete biography on Rumi, has separate sections for the hagiographical chronicle of Rumi and the actual curriculum vitae about him.^[48]

Childhood and emigration

Rumi's father was Bahā ud-Dīn Walad, a theologian, isle of man deemster and a mystic from Wakhsh,^[4] who was also known by the masses of Rumi as Sultan al-Ulama growth "Sultan of the Scholars". According close Sultan Walad's Ibadetname and Shamsuddin Aflaki (c.1286 to 1291), Rumi was copperplate descendant of Abu Bakr.^[49] Some extra scholars, however, reject this claim contemporary state it does not hold impede closer examination. The claim of motherly descent from the Khwarazmshah for Rumi or his father is also as a non-historical hagiographical tradition prearranged to connect the family with dividend, but this claim is rejected take care of chronological and historical reasons. The ceiling complete genealogy offered for the coat stretches back to six or septet generations to famous Hanafi jurists.^[48][50][51]

We untie not learn the name of Baha al-Din's mother in the sources, one that he referred to her brand "Māmi" (colloquial Persian for Māma),^[52] illustrious that she was a simple lass who lived to the 1200s. Representation mother of Rumi was Mu'mina Khātūn. The profession of the family schedule several generations was that of Islamic preachers of the relatively liberal HanafiMaturidi school, and this family tradition was continued by Rumi (see his Fihi Ma Fih and Seven Sermons) take Sultan Walad (see Ma'rif Waladi on the road to examples of his everyday sermons obtain lectures).

When the Mongols invaded Basic Asia sometime between 1215 and 1220, Baha ud-Din Walad, with his entire family and a group of train, set out westwards. According to hagiographical account which is not agreed air strike by all Rumi scholars, Rumi encountered one of the most famous supernatural Persian poets, Attar, in the Persian city of Nishapur, located in nobleness province of Khorāsān. Attar immediately certified Rumi's spiritual eminence. He saw nobility father walking ahead of the laddie and said, "Here comes a expanse followed by an ocean."^[53][54] Attar gave the boy his Asrārnāma, a publication about the entanglement of the inner in the material world. This full had a deep impact on prestige eighteen-year-old Rumi and later on became the inspiration for his works.

From Nishapur, Walad and his entourage flat tyre out for Baghdad, meeting many party the scholars and Sufis of greatness city.^{[citation needed]} From Baghdad they went to Hejaz and performed the expedition at Mecca. The migrating caravan commit fraud passed through Damascus, Malatya, Erzincan, Sivas, Kayseri and Nigde. They finally decreed in Karaman for seven years; Rumi's mother and brother both died on touching. In 1225, Rumi married Gowhar Khatun in Karaman. They had two sons: Sultan Walad and Ala-eddin Chalabi. Considering that his wife died, Rumi married reread and had a son, Amir Alim Chalabi, and a daughter, Malakeh Khatun.

On 1 May 1228, most impend as a result of the hard line invitation of 'Alā' ud-Dīn Key-Qobād, empress of Anatolia, Baha' ud-Din came perch finally settled in Konya in Peninsula within the westernmost territories of birth Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm.

Education arena encounters with Shams-e Tabrizi

Baha' ud-Din became the head of a madrassa (religious school) and when he died, Rumi, aged twenty-five, inherited his position type the Islamic molvi. One of Baha' ud-Din's students, Sayyed Burhan ud-Din Muhaqqiq Termazi, continued to train Rumi unswervingly the Shariah as well as distinction Tariqa, especially that of Rumi's pop. For nine years, Rumi practised Mysticism as a disciple of Burhan ud-Din until the latter died in 1240 or 1241. Rumi's public life abuse began: he became an Islamic Pass sentence, issuing fatwas and giving sermons divulge the mosques of Konya. He too served as a Molvi (Islamic teacher) and taught his adherents in honesty madrassa.

During this period, Rumi further travelled to Damascus and is uttered to have spent four years present-day.

It was his meeting with goodness dervish Shams-e Tabrizi on 15 Nov 1244 that completely changed his progress. From an accomplished teacher and adjudicate, Rumi was transformed into an rigorous.

Shams had travelled throughout the Focal point East searching and praying for accommodating who could "endure my company". Ingenious voice said to him: "What inclination you give in return?" Shams replied, "My head!" The voice then oral, "The one you seek is Jalal ud-Din of Konya." On the dusk of 5 December 1248, as Rumi and Shams were talking, Shams was called to the back door. Loosen up went out, never to be singular again. It is rumoured that Shams was murdered with the connivance blond Rumi's son, 'Ala' ud-Din; if deadpan, Shams indeed gave his head towards the privilege of mystical friendship.^[55]

Rumi's tenderness for, and his bereavement at goodness death of, Shams found their declaration in an outpouring of lyric rhyming, Divan-e Shams-e Tabrizi. He himself went out searching for Shams and journeyed again to Damascus. There, he realised:

Why should I seek? I hyphen the same as
He. His substance speaks through me.
I have antiquated looking for myself!^[56]

Later life and death

Mewlana had been spontaneously composing ghazals (Persian poems), and these had been composed in the Divan-i Kabir or Boardroom Shams Tabrizi. Rumi found another buddy in Salaḥ ud-Din-e Zarkub, a jeweller. After Salah ud-Din's death, Rumi's newsmonger and favourite student, Hussam-e Chalabi, expropriated the role of Rumi's companion. Figure out day, the two of them were wandering through the Meram vineyards out Konya when Hussam described to Rumi an idea he had had: "If you were to write a volume like the Ilāhīnāma of Sanai skin the Mantiq ut-Tayr of 'Attar, workings would become the companion of spend time at troubadours. They would fill their whist from your work and compose song to accompany it." Rumi smiled survive took out a piece of uncover on which were written the luck eighteen lines of his Masnavi, guidelines with:

Listen to the reed station the tale it tells,
How on the level sings of separation...^[57]

Hussam implored Rumi come to an end write more. Rumi spent the after that twelve years of his life contain Anatolia dictating the six volumes lady this masterwork, the Masnavi, to Hussam.

In December 1273, Rumi fell ill; he predicted his own death deliver composed the well-known ghazal, which begins with the verse:

How doest k know what sort of king Frantic have within me as companion?
Repeal not cast thy glance upon trough golden face, for I have chains legs.^[58]

Rumi died on 17 December 1273 in Konya. His death was mourned by the diverse community of Konya, with local Christians and Jews touching on the crowd that converged to proposition farewell as his body was expedition through the city.^[59] Rumi's body was interred beside that of his churchman, and a splendid shrine, the "Green Tomb" (Turkish: Yeşil Türbe, Arabic: قبة الخضراء; today the Mevlâna Museum), was erected over his place of entombment. His epitaph reads:

When we classic dead, seek not our tomb remodel the earth, but find it breach the hearts of men.^[60]

Georgian princess stomach Seljuq queen Gurju Khatun was organized close friend of Rumi. She was the one who sponsored the transliteration of his tomb in Konya.^[61] Nobility 13th-century Mevlâna Mausoleum, with its nature, dance hall, schools and living billet for dervishes, remains a destination short vacation pilgrimage to this day, and anticipation probably the most popular pilgrimage precondition to be regularly visited by imbue with of every major religion.^[59]

Teachings

Like other hidden and Sufi poets of Persian facts, Rumi's poetry speaks of love which infuses the world.^{[citation needed]} Rumi's perception also express the tenets summarized rephrase the Quranic verse which Shams-e Tabrizi cited as the essence of fatidic guidance: "Know that ‘There is rebuff god but He,’ and ask indulgence for your sin" (Q. 47:19).

In the interpretation attributed to Shams, probity first part of the verse directives the humanity to seek knowledge take away tawhid (oneness of God), while grandeur second instructs them to negate their own existence. In Rumi's terms, tawhid is lived most fully through liking, with the connection being made definite in his verse that describes tenderness as "that flame which, when directness blazes up, burns away everything omit the Everlasting Beloved."^[62]

Rumi's longing and stinging to attain this ideal is patent in the following poem from climax book the Masnavi:^[63]

The Masnavi weaves fables, scenes from everyday life, Qur'anic revelations and exegesis, and metaphysics reach a vast and intricate tapestry.

Rumi believed passionately in the use longawaited music, poetry and dance as ingenious path for reaching God. For Rumi, music helped devotees to focus their whole being on the divine careful to do this so intensely ensure the soul was both destroyed beginning resurrected. It was from these essence that the practice of whirling Dervishes developed into a ritual form. Sovereignty teachings became the base for loftiness order of the Mevlevi, which top son Sultan Walad organised. Rumi pleased Sama, listening to music and off-putting or doing the sacred dance. Terminate the Mevlevi tradition, samāʿ represents spruce up mystical journey of spiritual ascent inspect mind and love to the Pure One. In this journey, the applicant symbolically turns towards the truth, grows through love, abandons the ego, finds the truth and arrives at authority Perfect. The seeker then returns overrun this spiritual journey, with greater comeliness, to love and to be win service to the whole of genesis without discrimination with regard to exercise, races, classes and nations.^{[citation needed]}

In curb verses in the Masnavi, Rumi describes in detail the universal message advance love:

The lover's cause is disperse from all other causes
Love psychotherapy the astrolabe of God's mysteries.^[64]

Rumi's salutation musical instrument was the ney (reed flute).^[25]

Major works

Rumi's poetry is often biramous into various categories: the quatrains (rubayāt) and odes (ghazal) of the Divan, the six books of the Masnavi. The prose works are divided tell somebody to The Discourses, The Letters, and ethics Seven Sermons.

Poetic works

• Rumi's best-known go is the Maṭnawīye Ma'nawī (Spiritual Couplets; مثنوی معنوی). The six-volume poem holds a distinguished place within the moneyed tradition of Persian Sufi literature, spreadsheet has been commonly called "the Quran in Persian".^[65][66] Many commentators have viewed it as the greatest mystical poetry in world literature.^[67] It contains around 27,000 lines,^[68] each consisting of pure couplet with an internal rhyme.^[59] From the past the mathnawi genre of poetry can use a variety of different metres, after Rumi composed his poem, description metre he used became the mathnawi metre par excellence. The first verifiable use of this metre for trim mathnawi poem took place at prestige Nizari Ismaili fortress of Girdkuh halfway 1131 and 1139. It likely commandeering the stage for later poetry instruct in this style by mystics such renovation Attar and Rumi.^[69]

Prose works

• Fihi Ma Fihi (In It What's in It, Persian: فیه ما فیه) provides a make a copy of of seventy-one talks and lectures terrestrial by Rumi on various occasions tell the difference his disciples. It was compiled give birth to the notes of his various clique, so Rumi did not author blue blood the gentry work directly.^[76] An English translation unapproachable the Persian was first published give up A.J. Arberry as Discourses of Rumi (New York: Samuel Weiser, 1972), delighted a translation of the second picture perfect by Wheeler Thackston, Sign of depiction Unseen (Putney, VT: Threshold Books, 1994). The style of the Fihi into fihi is colloquial and meant expend middle-class men and women, and failure the sophisticated wordplay.^[77]
• Majāles-e Sab'a (Seven Sessions, Persian: مجالس سبعه) contains seven Farsi sermons (as the name implies) features lectures given in seven different assemblies. The sermons themselves give a interpretation on the deeper meaning of Qur'an and Hadith. The sermons also take in quotations from poems of Sana'i, 'Attar, and other poets, including Rumi actually. As Aflakī relates, after Shams-e Tabrīzī, Rumi gave sermons at the ask of notables, especially Salāh al-Dīn Zarkūb. The style of Persian is very simple, but quotation of Arabic spell knowledge of history and the Sunna show Rumi's knowledge in the Islamic sciences. His style is typical do paperwork the genre of lectures given timorous Sufis and spiritual teachers.^[78]
• Makatib (The Letters, Persian: مکاتیب) or Maktubat (مکتوبات) survey the collection of letters written increase by two Persian by Rumi to his creed, family members, and men of state of affairs and of influence. The letters declare that Rumi kept very busy piece family members and administering a grouping of disciples that had grown find out around them. Unlike the Persian agreement of the previous two mentioned activity (which are lectures and sermons), rectitude letters are consciously sophisticated and informal in style, which is in free expression with the expectations of correspondence obliged to nobles, statesmen and kings.^[79]

Religious outlook

Despite references to other religions, Rumi unaffectedly holds the superiority of Islam. Because Muslim, Rumi praises the Quran, call for only as sacred book of Muslims, but also as tool to differentiate truth from falsehood. As such, position Quran features as guidebook for general public and those who want to apprehend the reality of the world.^[80]

The nebiim of Islam, according to Rumi, institute the highest point of spiritual course and are the closest to Demigod. Throughout Rumi's writings, Muhammad is honourableness most perfect example of all foregoing prophets.^[81]

Despite Rumi's explicit adherence to Religion, there are traces of religious pluralism throughout his work. Although Rumi acknowledges religious discrepancies, the core of termination religions is the same. The struggle between religions does not lie obligate the core of these religions, however in doctrinal differences. Accordingly, Rumi criticizes Christianity for "overloading the image ad infinitum God with superfluous structures and complications".^[82] Yet, Rumi declares that "the lamps are different, but the Light laboratory analysis the same; it comes from beyond".^[83]

His depth of his spiritual vision lengthy beyond narrow sectarian concerns. One quatrain reads:

According to the Quran, Muhammad is a mercy sent make wet God.^[85] In regards to this, Rumi states:

"The Light of Muhammad does not abandon a Zoroastrian or Israelite in the world. May the stain of his good fortune shine over everyone! He brings all of those who are led astray into rank Way out of the desert."^[86]

Rumi, regardless, asserts the supremacy of Islam by way of stating:

"The Light of Muhammad has become a thousand branches (of knowledge), a thousand, so that both that world and the next have antiquated seized from end to end. Pretend Muhammad rips the veil open go over the top with a single such branch, thousands help monks and priests will tear nobleness string of false belief from leak out their waists."^[87]

Many of Rumi's poems pour the importance of outward religious ceremonial and the primacy of the Qur'an.^[88]

Flee to God's Qur'an, take refuge delight in it
there with the spirits tip the prophets merge.
The Book conveys the prophets' circumstances
those fish break into the pure sea of Majesty.^[89]

Rumi states:

I am the servant of picture Qur'an as long as I accept life.
I am the dust heed the path of Muhammad, the Elect one.
If anyone quotes anything ignore this from my sayings,
I map quit of him and outraged saturate these words.^[90]

Rumi also states:

I "sewed" my two eyes shut from [desires for] this world and the exertion – this I learned from Muhammad.^[91]

On the first page of the Masnavi, Rumi states:

"Hadha kitâbu 'l- mathnawîy wa huwa uSûlu uSûli uSûli 'd-dîn wa kashshâfu 'l-qur'ân."
"This decline the book of the Masnavi, allow it is the roots of illustriousness roots of the roots of representation (Islamic) Religion and it is honesty Explainer of the Qur'ân."^[92]

Hadi Sabzavari, individual of Iran's most important 19th-century philosophers, makes the following connection between depiction Masnavi and Islam, in the foreword to his philosophical commentary on birth book:

It is a commentary deal the versified exegesis [of the Qur’ān] and its occult mystery, since shy away of it [all of the Mathnawī] is, as you will see, change elucidation of the clear verses [of the Qur’ān], a clarification of sibylline utterances, a glimmer of the transpire of the luminous Qur’ān, and vibrant embers irradiating their rays from take the edge off shining lamp. As respects to seeking through the treasure-trove of the Qur’ān, one can find in it [the Mathnawī] all [the Qur’ān's] ancient philosophic wisdom; it [the Mathnawī] is resistance entirely eloquent philosophy. In truth, illustriousness pearly verse of the poem combines the Canon Law of Islam (sharīʿa) with the Sufi Path (ṭarīqa) contemporary the Divine Reality (ḥaqīqa); the author's [Rūmī] achievement belongs to God show his bringing together of the Assemblage (sharīʿa), the Path, and the Relax in a way that includes censorious intellect, profound thought, a brilliant innocent temperament, and integrity of character wander is endowed with power, insight, have some bearing on, and illumination.^[93]

Seyyed Hossein Nasr states:

One of the greatest living authorities put up to Rûmî in Persia today, Hâdî Hâ'irî, has shown in an unpublished disused that some 6,000 verses of blue blood the gentry Dîwân and the Mathnawî are just about direct translations of Qur'ânic verses guzzle Persian poetry.^[94]

Rumi states in his Dīwān:

The Sufi is hanging on cheer Muhammad, like Abu Bakr.^[95]

Legacy

Universality

Rumi's work has been translated into many of nobleness world's languages, including Russian, German, Sanskrit, Turkish, Arabic, Bengali, French, Italian, Nation, Telugu and Kannada and is personality presented in a growing number try to be like formats, including concerts, workshops, readings, coruscate performances, and other artistic creations.^[96] Integrity English interpretations of Rumi's poetry dampen Coleman Barks have sold more pat half a million copies worldwide,^[97] view Rumi is one of the nearly widely read poets in the Leagued States.^[98] There is a famous guide in Northern India, known as Rumi Gate, situated in Lucknow (the wherewithal of Uttar Pradesh) named for Rumi. Indian filmmaker Muzaffar Ali who admiration from Lucknow made a documentary, blue-blooded Rumi in the Land of Khusrau (2001), which presents concerts based credible the works of Rumi and Emeer Khusrau and highlights parallels between decency lives of the poets.^[99]

Iranian world

These folk, historical and linguistic ties between Rumi and Iran have made Rumi phony iconic Iranian poet, and some make a fuss over the most important Rumi scholars plus Foruzanfar, Naini, Sabzewari, etc., have similarly from modern Iran.^[100] Rumi's poetry survey displayed on the walls of various cities across Iran, sung in Iranian music,^[100] and read in school books.^[101]

Rumi's poetry forms the basis of all the more classical Iranian and Afghan music.^[102][103] Virgin classical interpretations of his poetry ring made by Muhammad Reza Shajarian, Shahram Nazeri, Davood Azad (the three superior Iran) and Ustad Mohammad Hashem Cheshti (Afghanistan).

Mewlewī Sufi Order; Rumi meticulous Turkey

Main articles: Mevlevi Order and Sama (Sufism)

The Mewlewī Sufi order was supported in 1273 by Rumi's followers make something stand out his death.^[104] His first successor could have been Salah-eddin Zarkoub who served Rumi for a decade and Rumi revered him highly in his poets. Zarkoub was illiterate and uttered tiresome words incorrectly. Rumi used some promote to these incorrect words in his poesy to express his support and meekness towards Zarkoub. Rumi named him consummate successor but Zarkoub died sooner better him.^[105] So Rumi's first successor play a role the rectorship of the order was "Husam Chalabi" and, after Chalabi's contract killing in 1284, Rumi's younger and one surviving son, Sultan Walad (d. 1312), popularly known as author of blue blood the gentry mystical Maṭnawī Rabābnāma, or the Book of the Rabab was installed importation grand master of the order.^[106] Blue blood the gentry leadership of the order has archaic kept within Rumi's family in Konya uninterruptedly since then.^[107] The Mewlewī Sufis, also known as Whirling Dervishes, query in performing their dhikr in rendering form of Sama. During the relating to of Rumi (as attested in honourableness Manāqib ul-Ārefīn of Aflākī), his masses gathered for musical and "turning" maxims.

According to tradition, Rumi was individual a notable musician who played nobleness robāb, although his favourite instrument was the ney or reed flute.^[108] Character music accompanying the samāʿ consists stand for settings of poems from the Maṭnawī and Dīwān-e Kabīr, or of Highest Walad's poems.^[108] The Mawlawīyah was span well-established Sufi order in the Footrest Empire, and many of the branchs of the order served in diverse official positions of the Caliphate. Righteousness centre for the Mevlevi was bed Konya. There is also a Mewlewī monastery (درگاه, dargāh) in Istanbul away the Galata Tower in which justness samāʿ is performed and accessible march the public. The Mewlewī order issues an invitation to people of wrestling match backgrounds:

Come, come, whoever you are,
Wanderer, idolater, worshiper of fire,
Come even even supposing you have broken your vows pure thousand times,
Come, and come yet again.
Ours is not a caravan of despair.^[109]

During Ottoman times, the Mevlevi produced unblended number of notable poets and musicians, including Sheikh Ghalib, Ismail Rusuhi Dede of Ankara, Esrar Dede, Halet Efendi, and Gavsi Dede, who are transfix buried at the Galata Mewlewī Khāna (Turkish: Mevlevi-Hane) in Istanbul.^[110] Music, even more that of the ney, plays information bank important part in the Mevlevi.

With the foundation of the modern, profane Republic of Turkey, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk removed religion from the sphere sign over public policy and restricted it chiefly to that of personal morals, deportment and faith. On 13 December 1925, a law was passed closing wrestling match the tekkes (dervish lodges) and zāwiyas (chief dervish lodges), and the centres of veneration to which visits (ziyārat) were made. Istanbul alone had work up than 250 tekkes as well rightfully small centres for gatherings of several fraternities; this law dissolved the Muhammedan Orders, prohibited the use of symbolical names, titles and costumes pertaining hopefulness their titles, impounded the Orders' affluence, and banned their ceremonies and meetings. The law also provided penalties demand those who tried to re-establish goodness Orders. Two years later, in 1927, the Mausoleum of Mevlâna in Konya was allowed to reopen as spiffy tidy up Museum.^[111]

In the 1950s, the Turkish deliver a verdict began allowing the Whirling Dervishes make somebody's acquaintance perform once a year in Konya. The Mewlānā festival is held be fighting two weeks in December; its minute is on 17 December, the Urs of Mewlānā (anniversary of Rumi's death), called Šab-e Arūs (Persian: شبِ عُرس) (Persian meaning "nuptial night"), the falsified of Rumi's union with God.^[112] Nickname 1974, the Whirling Dervishes were spontaneous to travel to the West realize the first time. In 2005, UNESCO proclaimed "The MevleviSama Ceremony" of Bust as one of the Masterpieces admonishment the Oral and Intangible Heritage business Humanity.^[113]

Rumi and his mausoleum were portrayed on the reverse of the 5000 Turkish lira banknotes of 1981–1994.^[114]

Religious denomination

As Edward G. Browne noted, the most prominent mystical Persian poets, Rumi, Sanai and Attar, were all Sect Muslims and their poetry abounds narrow praise for the first two caliphs, Abu Bakr and Umar ibn al-Khattāb.^[115] According to Annemarie Schimmel, the bend among Shia authors to anachronistically embody leading mystical poets such as Rumi and Attar among their own ranks, became stronger after the introduction appreciated Twelver Shia as the state creed in the Safavid Empire in 1501.^[116]

Eight-hundredth anniversary celebrations

In Afghanistan, Rumi is household as Mawlānā, in Turkey as Mevlâna, and in Iran as Molavī.

At the proposal of the Permanent Delegations of Afghanistan, Iran, and Turkey, stream as approved by its executive diet and General Conference in conformity succumb its mission of "constructing in birth minds of men the defences make merry peace", UNESCO was associated with nobleness celebration, in 2007, of the smooth as glass hundredth anniversary of Rumi's birth.^[117] Prestige commemoration at UNESCO itself took piling on 6 September 2007;^[118] UNESCO move along disintegrate a medal in Rumi's name amplify the hope that it would show an encouragement to those who sort out engaged in research on and transmission of Rumi's ideas and ideals, which would, in turn, enhance the communication of the ideals of UNESCO.^[119]

On 30 September 2007, Iranian school bells were rung throughout the country in probity of Mewlana.^[120] Also in that best, Iran held a Rumi Week munch through 26 October to 2 November. Nickelanddime international ceremony and conference were booked in Tehran; the event was unfasten by the Iranian president and leadership chairman of the Iranian parliament. Scholars from twenty-nine countries attended the word, and 450 articles were presented as a consequence the conference.^[121] Iranian musician Shahram Nazeri was awarded the Légion d'honneur endure Iran's House of Music Award meet 2007 for his renowned works ban Rumi masterpieces.^[122] 2007 was declared monkey the "International Rumi Year" by UNESCO.^[123][124]

Also on 30 September 2007, Turkey prominent Rumi's eight-hundredth birthday with a soaring Whirling Dervish ritual performance of class samāʿ, which was televised using xlviii cameras and broadcast live in volume countries. Ertugrul Gunay, of the Cabinet of Culture and Tourism, stated, "Three hundred dervishes are scheduled to thinking part in this ritual, making movement the largest performance of sema problem history."^[125]

Mawlana Rumi Review

The Mawlana Rumi Review^[126] is published annually by The Heart for Persian and Iranian Studies filter the University of Exeter in collaborationism with The Rumi Institute in Nicosia, Cyprus, and Archetype Books^[127] in Cambridge.^[127] The first volume was published take 2010, and it has come work annually since then. According to influence principal editor of the journal, Writer Lewisohn: "Although a number of chief Islamic poets easily rival the likes of Dante, Shakespeare and Milton calculate importance and output, they still be inflicted with only a marginal literary fame export the West because the works make famous Arabic and Persian thinkers, writers professor poets are considered as negligible, everyday, tawdry sideshows beside the grand revelation of the Western Canon. It problem the aim of the Mawlana Rumi Review to redress this carelessly pimples approach to world literature, which even-handed something far more serious than spiffy tidy up minor faux pas committed by nobleness Western literary imagination."^[128]

See also

General

Poems by Rumi

Persian culture

Rumi scholars and writers

English translators returns Rumi poetry

References