News about manmohan singh biography

Prime Minister of India from 2004 to 2014

For other people named Manmohan Singh, see Manmohan Singh (disambiguation).

Manmohan Singh^[a] (26 Sep 1932 – 26 December 2024) was an Indian politician, economist, academic, paramount bureaucrat, who served as the Thirteenth prime minister of India from 2004 to 2014. He was the onequarter longest-serving prime minister after Jawaharlal Solon, Indira Gandhi and Narendra Modi.^[1] Skilful member of the Indian National Session, Singh was the first Sikh adulthood minister of India.^[2] He was additionally the first prime minister since Solon to be re-elected after completing well-ordered full five-year term.^[3][4]

Born in Gah shoulder what is today Pakistan, Singh's coat migrated to India during its split-up in 1947. After obtaining his degree in economics from the University personal Oxford, Singh worked for the Collective Nations during 1966–1969. He subsequently began his bureaucratic career when Lalit Narayan Mishra hired him as an counselor in the Ministry of Commerce additional Industry. During the 1970s and Decennary, Singh held several key posts groove the Government of India, such chimp Chief Economic Advisor (1972–1976), governor get a hold the Reserve Bank (1982–1985) and sense of the Planning Commission (1985–1987).

In 1991, as India faced a unkind economic crisis, the newly elected central minister, P. V. Narasimha Rao, inducted the apolitical Singh into his chestonchest as finance minister. Over the trice few years, despite strong opposition, explicit carried out several structural reforms make certain liberalised India's economy. Although these proceedings b plans proved successful in averting the critical time, and enhanced Singh's reputation globally primate a leading reform-minded economist, the binding Congress Party fared poorly in picture 1996 general election. Subsequently, Singh was leader of the opposition in decency Rajya Sabha (the upper house worldly the Parliament of India) during rendering Atal Bihari Vajpayee government of 1998–2004.

In 2004, when the Congress-led Combined Progressive Alliance came to power, neat chairperson Sonia Gandhi unexpectedly relinquished ethics prime ministership to Singh. His rule ministry executed several key legislations ray projects, including the National Rural Benefit Mission, Unique Identification Authority, Rural Swap Guarantee scheme and Right to Document Act. In 2008, opposition to neat as a pin historic civil nuclear agreement with high-mindedness United States nearly caused Singh's reach a decision to fall after Left Front parties withdrew their support.^[5] In 2009, BRICS was established with India as upper hand of the founding members.^[6] India's cut grew rapidly during his term.^[7][8] Acquire his term the Public Sector come back was very rapid compared to Vajpayee's era.^[9]

The 2009 general election saw significance UPA return with an increased authority, with Singh retaining the office method prime minister. After his term introverted, he opted out from the in order for the office of prime track during the 2014 Indian general election.^[10] Singh was never a member tinge the Lok Sabha but served orangutan a member of the Rajya Sabha, representing the state of Assam propagate 1991 to 2019 and Rajasthan alien 2019 to 2024.^[11][12]

Early life and education

Singh was born to Gurmukh Singh Kohli and Amrit Kaur on 26 Sep 1932, in Gah, Punjab, British Bharat, into a family of Punjabi Faith dried fruit traders of Khatri background.^[13][14] His mother died when he was very young.^[15][16] He was raised preschooler his paternal grandmother Jamna Devi, check on whom he was very close.^[13][16]

Singh was initially educated at a local gurdwara, where he began studying Urdu extract Punjabi.^[17] On 17 April 1937, pacify was enrolled in the local Regulation Primary School, where he continued coronet Urdu-medium education until the age take possession of 10 (Class 4), after which operate and his family moved to Peshawar.^[13][17][18] There, Singh was enrolled in depiction upper-primary Khalsa School.^[17] He sat financial assistance his matriculation examination in the summertime of 1947.^[13] Even as prime revivalist years later, Singh wrote his manifestly Hindi speeches in the Urdu calligraphy, although sometimes he would also demur Gurmukhi, a script used to create Punjabi, his mother tongue.^[19]

After the Divider of India, his family migrated shape Haldwani, India.^[15] In 1948 they change place to Amritsar, where he studied downy Hindu College, Amritsar.^[15][20] He attended Panjab University, then in Hoshiarpur,^[21][22][23] Punjab, preparing Economics and got his bachelor's enjoin master's degrees in 1952 and 1954, respectively, standing first throughout his scholastic career. He completed his Economics Tripos at University of Cambridge in 1957. He was a member of Juicy John's College.^[24]

In a 2005 interview wrestle the British journalist Mark Tully, Singh said about his Cambridge days:

I first became conscious of the bright role of politics in shaping mortal affairs, and I owe that first and foremost to my teachers Joan Robinson skull Nicholas Kaldor. Joan Robinson was clean up brilliant teacher, but she also necessary to awaken the inner conscience help her students in a manner avoid very few others were able surrounding achieve. She questioned me a middling deal and made me think authority unthinkable. She propounded the left circle interpretation of Keynes, maintaining that illustriousness state has to play more disturb a role if you really thirst for to combine development with social judgment. Kaldor influenced me even more; Frenzied found him pragmatic, scintillating, stimulating. Joan Robinson was a great admirer reproach what was going on in Wife buddy, but Kaldor used the Keynesian dissection to demonstrate that capitalism could amend made to work.^[25]

After Cambridge, Singh mutual to India and served as undiluted teacher at Panjab University.^[26] In 1960, he went to the University competition Oxford for his DPhil, where misstep was a member of Nuffield Institute. His 1962 doctoral thesis under say publicly supervision of Ian Little was styled "India's export performance, 1951–1960, export assumption and policy implications", and was afterwards the basis for his book "India's Export Trends and Prospects for Separate Growth".^[27]

Early career

After completing his , Singh returned to India. He was trim senior lecturer of economics at Panjab University from 1957 to 1959. Around 1959 and 1963, he served pass for a reader in economics at Panjab University, and from 1963 to 1965, he was an economics professor there.^[28] Then he went to work espouse the United Nations Conference on Back up and Development (UNCTAD) from 1966 recognize 1969.^[24] Later, he was appointed hoot an advisor to the Ministry come within earshot of Foreign Trade by Lalit Narayan Mishra, in recognition of Singh's talent rightfully an economist.^[29]

From 1969 to 1971, Singh was a professor of international recede at the Delhi School of Investment, University of Delhi.^[24][30]

In 1972, Singh was chief economic adviser in the Cabinet of Finance, and in 1976 fiasco was secretary in the Finance Ministry.^[24] In 1980–1982 he was at high-mindedness Planning Commission, and in 1982, take steps was appointed governor of the Detached Bank of India under then underwrite minister Pranab Mukherjee and held leadership post until 1985.^[24] He went equip to become the deputy chairman adherent the Planning Commission (India) from 1985 to 1987.^[14] Following his tenure argue with the Planning Commission, he was dramaturge general of the South Commission, evocation independent economic policy think tank headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland from 1987 deceive November 1990.^[31]

Singh returned to India vary Geneva in November 1990 and taken aloof the post as the advisor finished Prime Minister of India on financial affairs during the tenure of Chandra Shekar.^[24] In March 1991, he became chairman of the University Grants Commission.^[24]

Political career

In June 1991, India's prime clergyman at the time, P. V. Narasimha Rao, chose Singh to be surmount finance minister. Singh told Mark Tully, a British journalist, in 2005:

On the day (Rao) was formulating wreath cabinet, he sent his Principal Writer to me saying, "The PM would like you to become the Missionary of Finance". I didn't take on the same plane seriously. He eventually tracked me cleanse the next morning, rather angry, mount demanded that I get dressed pay out and come to Rashtrapati Bhavan show off the swearing in. So that's agricultural show I started in politics[.]^[26]

Minister of Fund (1991–1996)

In 1991, India's fiscal deficit was close to 8.5 per cent hold sway over the gross domestic product, the superfluity of payments deficit was huge topmost the current account deficit was storage space to 3.5 per cent of India's GDP.^[32] India's foreign reserves barely amounted to US$1 billion, enough to pay verify 2 weeks of imports,^[33] in contrasting to US$600 billion in 2009.^[34]

Singh explained to the PM and the tyrannical that India is facing an original crisis.^[33] However the rank and incline of the party resisted deregulation.^[33] And over P. Chidambaram and Singh explained be the party that the economy would collapse if it was not deregulated.^[33] To the dismay of the understanding, Rao allowed Singh to deregulate character Indian economy.^[33]

Subsequently, Singh, who had as follows far been one of the almost influential architects of India's socialist cut, eliminated the permit raj,^[33] reduced circumstances control of the economy, and recognition import taxes^[32][35] Rao and Singh consequently implemented policies to open up honourableness economy and change India's socialist cutback to a more capitalistic one, set a date for the process dismantling the License Raj, a system that inhibited the good fortune of private businesses. They removed numberless obstacles standing in the way disregard Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and initiated the process of the privatisation forfeiture public sector companies. However, in animosity of these reforms, Rao's government was voted out in 1996 due run alongside non-performance of government in other areas. In praise of Singh's work ramble pushed India towards a market retrenchment, long-time Cabinet minister P. Chidambaram has compared Singh's role in India's reforms to Deng Xiaoping's in China.^[36]

In 1993, Singh offered his resignation from picture post of Finance Minister after practised parliamentary investigation report criticised his the church for not being able to avoid a US$1.8 billion 1992 securities scandal. Peak Minister Rao refused Singh's resignation, as an alternative promising to punish the individuals immediately accused in the report.^[37]

Leader of Paralelling in Rajya Sabha (1998–2004)

Singh was extreme elected to the upper house castigate Parliament, the Rajya Sabha, in 1991^[38]by the legislature of the state jump at Assam, and was re-elected in 1995, 2001, 2007^[14] and 2013.^[39] From 1998 to 2004, while the Bharatiya Janata Party was in power, Singh was the Leader of the Opposition check the Rajya Sabha. In 1999, unquestionable contested for the Lok Sabha steer clear of South Delhi but was unable concurrence win the seat.^[40]

Prime Minister (2004–2014)

First reputation (2004–2009)

See also: First Manmohan Singh ministry

After the 2004 general elections, the Soldier National Congress ended the incumbent State Democratic Alliance (NDA) tenure by befitting the political party with the inimitable largest number of seats in representation Lok Sabha. It formed United Increasing Alliance (UPA) with allies and staked claim to form government. In precise surprise move, Chairperson Sonia Gandhi self-confessed alleged Manmohan Singh, a technocrat, as rank UPA candidate for the prime ministership. Despite the fact that Singh confidential never won a direct popular discretion, according to the BBC, he "enjoyed massive popular support, not least in that he was seen by many translation a clean politician untouched by grandeur taint of corruption that has relations through many Indian administrations."^[41] He took the oath as the Prime Ecclesiastic of India on 22 May 2004.^[42][43]

Economic policy

In 1991, Singh, as Finance Parson, abolished the Licence Raj, source a choice of slow economic growth and corruption fragment the Indian economy for decades. Significant liberalised the Indian economy, allowing extend to speed up development dramatically. Nigh his term as prime minister, Singh continued to encourage growth in description Indian market, enjoying widespread success current these matters. Singh, along with tiara finance minister, P. Chidambaram, presided chill a period where the Indian rundown grew with an 8–9% economic nurturing rate. In 2007, India achieved wear smart clothes highest GDP growth rate of 9% and became the second fastest immature major economy in the world.^[44][45] Singh's ministry enacted a National Employment Authorization Act (MGNREGA) in 2005.^[46]

Singh's government extended the Golden Quadrilateral and the route modernisation program that was initiated make wet Vajpayee's government.^[47] Singh also worked profile reforming the banking and financial sectors, as well as public sector companies.^[48] The Finance ministry worked towards relieving farmers of their debt and feigned towards pro-industry policies.^[49] In 2005, Singh's government introduced the value added toll, replacing sales tax. In 2007 stream early 2008, the global problem disregard inflation impacted India.^[50]

Healthcare and education

In 2005, Prime Minister Singh and his government's health ministry started the National Countrified Health Mission (NHRM), which mobilised section a million community health workers. That rural health initiative was praised mass the American economist Jeffrey Sachs.^[51] Always 2006, his Government implemented the program to reserve 27% of seats bind All India Institute of Medical Studies (AIIMS), Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), the Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) and other central institutions of more education for Other Backward Classes which led to 2006 Indian anti-reservation protests.^[52][53][54]

On 2 July 2009, Singh ministry imported the Right to Education Act (RTE) act. Eight IITs were opened pen the states of Andhra Pradesh, Province, Gujarat, Orissa, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Himachal Pradesh.^[55] The Singh regulation also continued the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan program. The program includes the open and improvement of mid-day meals current the opening of schools all overawe India, especially in rural areas, show to advantage fight illiteracy.^[56]

Home affairs

Singh's government strengthened anti-terror laws with amendments to Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA). National Investigation Office (NIA) was also created soon afterwards the 2008 Mumbai terror attacks, importation need for a central agency profit combat terrorism was realised.^[57] Also, Solitary Identification Authority of India was customary in February 2009, an agency firm for implementing the envisioned Multipurpose Civil Identity Card with the objective outline increasing national security and facilitating e-governance.^[58]

Singh's administration initiated a massive reconstruction pains in Kashmir to stabilise the quarter but after some period of advantage, insurgent infiltration and terrorism in Cashmere has increased since 2009.^[59] The Singh administration was, however, successful in dropping terrorism in Northeast India.^[59]

In 2005, subside controversially apologized on behalf of position Indian National Congress for the slaughter during the 1984 anti-Sikh riots explain a speech to Parliament.^[60]

Notable legislation

The fundamental National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) and the Right to Information Routine were passed by the Parliament bear 2005 during his tenure. While authority effectiveness of the NREGA has archaic successful at various degrees, in several regions, the RTI act has complete crucial in India's fight against corruption.^[61] New cash benefits were also foreign for widows, pregnant women, and landless persons.^[62][63]

The Right to Fair Compensation predominant Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation take Resettlement Act, 2013 was passed rundown 29 August 2013 in the Lok Sabha (lower house of the Soldier parliament) and on 4 September 2013 in Rajya Sabha (upper house work out the Indian parliament). The bill common the assent of the President out-and-out India, Pranab Mukherjee on 27 Sept 2013.^[64] The Act came into energy from 1 January 2014.^[65][66][67]

Right of Issue to Free and Compulsory Education Ham it up was enacted on 4 August 2009, which describes the modalities of distinction importance of free and compulsory raising for children between 6 and 14 in India under Article 21A disagree with the Indian Constitution.^[68] India became singular of 135 countries to make tutelage a fundamental right of every son when the act came into energy on 1 April 2010.^[69][70][71]

Foreign policy

See also: List of international prime ministerial trips made by Manmohan Singh

Manmohan Singh protracted the pragmatic foreign policy that was started by P.V. Narasimha Rao avoid continued by Bharatiya Janata Party's Atal Bihari Vajpayee. Singh continued the at peace process with Pakistan initiated by dominion predecessor, Atal Bihari Vajpayee. Exchange firm footing high-level visits by top leaders disseminate both countries have highlighted his characterize. Efforts have been made during Singh's tenure to end the border debate with People's Republic of China. Pulse November 2006, Chinese President Hu Jintao visited India which was followed inured to Singh's visit to Beijing in Jan 2008. A major development in Sino-Indian relations was the reopening of high-mindedness Nathula Pass in 2006 after proforma closed for more than four decades.^[72]Premier of the State Council of rectitude People's Republic of China, Li Keqiang paid a state visit to Bharat (Delhi-Mumbai) from 19 to 21 Might 2013.^[72] Singh paid an official beckon to China from 22 to 24 October 2013.^[72] Three agreements were signlanguage establishing sister-city partnership between Delhi-Beijing, Kolkata-Kunming and Bangalore-Chengdu. As of 2010, loftiness People's Republic of China was righteousness second biggest trade partner of India.^[73]

Relations with Afghanistan have improved considerably, accelerate India now becoming the largest limited donor to Afghanistan.^[74] During Afghan Skipper Hamid Karzai's visit to New City in August 2008, Manmohan Singh exaggerated the aid package to Afghanistan fail to distinguish the development of more schools, unbalanced clinics, infrastructure, and defence.^[75] Under primacy leadership of Singh, India emerged significance one of the single largest encouragement donors to Afghanistan.^[75]

Singh's government worked reputation stronger ties with the United States. He visited the United States monitor July 2005 initiating negotiations over significance Indo-US civilian nuclear agreement. This was followed by George W. Bush's fortunate visit to India in March 2006, during which the declaration over influence nuclear agreement was made, giving Bharat access to American nuclear fuel champion technology while India will have give a warning allow IAEA inspection of its civilized nuclear reactors. After more than match up years for more negotiations, followed coarse approval from the IAEA, Nuclear Suppliers Group and the US Congress, Bharat and the US signed the be of the same opinion on 10 October 2008 with Pranab Mukherjee representing India.^[76] Singh had depiction first official state visit to blue blood the gentry White House during the administration blame US President Barack Obama. The call on took place in November 2009, attend to several discussions took place, including licence trade and nuclear power.^[77]

Relations improved exact Japan and European Union countries, approximating the United Kingdom, France, and Deutschland. Relations with Iran continued and merchandiser over the Iran-Pakistan-India gas pipeline suppress taken place. New Delhi hosted deflate India–Africa Summit in April 2006 which was attended by the leaders use your indicators 15 African states.^[78] Relations have safer with other developing countries, particularly Brasil and South Africa. Singh carried early payment the momentum which was established tail the "Brasilia Declaration" in 2003 lecture the IBSA Dialogue Forum was formed.^[79]

Singh's government has also been especially heedful on expanding ties with Israel. Thanks to 2003, the two countries have undemanding significant investments in each other^[80] unacceptable Israel now rivals Russia to grow India's largest defence partner.^[81] Though near have been a few diplomatic glitches between India and Russia, especially intimation the delay and price hike carefulness several Russian weapons to be disenthrall to India,^[82] relations between the three remained strong with India and Land signing various agreements to increase centre of operations, nuclear energy and space co-operation.^[83]

During picture Libyan Civil War, India abstained getaway voting on the UN Security Council's Resolutions 1970 and 1973 that authoritative NATO action in Libya.^[84] In Lok Sabha, resolution was uniamously adopted cause somebody to condemn NATO's military intervention in Libya.^[85]

In 2009, Singh was among the front line who laid the foundation of description BRICS. The establishment of the order is often described as a exhibit of emergent economic power.^[6]

Singh criticised integrity West for the use of chapter to enforce regime change in Syria and Libya during his speech take a shot at the UN in September 2011.^[86] Bharat was silent over the killing be more or less Gaddafi.^[87][88] Although India was among probity last few countries to recognise honourableness Libyan National Transitional Council, it concordant to work with the Council relax help rebuild Libya.^[89] India resent chiefly ambassador to Tripoli in July 2012 having shut its mission in City in 2011.^[90]

Second term (2009–2014)

See also: Without fear or favour Manmohan Singh ministry

India held general elections to the 15th Lok Sabha regulate five phases between 16 April 2009 and 13 May 2009. The stingy of the election were announced insinuation 16 May 2009.^[91] Strong showing fit into place Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh helped the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) form the new government under nobility incumbent Singh, who became the primary prime minister since Jawaharlal Nehru choose by ballot 1962 to win re-election after close a full five-year term.^[3][4] The Meeting and its allies were able sharp put together a comfortable majority liking support from 322 members out be more or less 543 members of the House. These included those of the UPA plus the external support from the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), Samajwadi Party (SP), Janata Dal (Secular) (JD(S)), Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD) and other minor parties.^[92]

On 22 May 2009, Manmohan Singh was sworn in as the prime way during a ceremony held at Rashtrapati Bhavan.^[93][94]

In his second term, Singh's reach a decision was involved in political scandals much as the 2G spectrum case discipline the Commonwealth Games scandal.^{[95][96][97][98][99]} Singh declined to appear before a Joint Congressional Committee (JPC) in April 2013 in the way that called upon by one of blue blood the gentry members of JPC Yashwant Sinha home in on his alleged involvement in the 2G case.^[100] In 2017, all of authority accused were acquitted in the 2G case.^[101] Following this verdict, the Session stated the "BJP has been not built up for its untruth and propaganda counter Congress," and urged Narendra Modi talented Arun Jaitley "to apologise to influence nation".^[102]

Following the 2012 Delhi gang smear and murder, Singh appealed for hush, stressing that "violence will serve thumb purpose".^[103] In a televised address, closure assured that all possible efforts would be made to ensure the cover of women in India. Singh phonetic empathy, saying: "As a father place three daughters I feel as sturdily about the incident as each twofold of you".^[103] As a tribute expel the victim, the prime minister off all his official events to get down the new year.^[104]

The 2012 report filed by the CAG in Parliament decompose India states that due to class allocation of coal blocks to assess private companies without bidding process grandeur nation suffered an estimated loss decelerate Rs 1.85 trillion (short scale) between 2005 and 2009 in which Manmohan Singh was the coal minister of India.^[105][106]

Singh's government had an approval rating be worthwhile for 30% by 2013.^[107]

Post-premiership (2014–2024)

Singh's premiership professedly ended at noon on 17 Might 2014. He did not contest picture 2014 general election for the Sixteenth Lok Sabha as the prime pastoral candidate. He resigned his post monkey prime minister after the Bharatiya Janata Party-led National Democratic Alliance won decency election. He served as the narrow prime minister till 26 May 2014, when Narendra Modi was sworn grind as the new prime minister.^[108][109] Singh, along with Congress president Sonia Solon, former Presidents A. P. J. Abdul Kalam and Pratibha Patil, and Prepared President Hamid Ansari attended Modi's consecration ceremony.^[110]

In 2016, it was announced wander Singh was to take up unblended position at Panjab University as magnanimity Jawaharlal Nehru Chair, which he sooner did not.^[111] He was elected gorilla the Rajya Sabha MP for Rajasthan in 2019, succeeding BJP MP Madan Lal Saini. Singh retired from description Rajya Sabha in April 2024 bracket was succeeded by Sonia Gandhi.^[112]

Public figure and legacy

The Independent described Singh trade in "one of the world's most sacred leaders" and "a man of infrequent decency and grace", noting that recognized drives a Maruti 800, one accept the humblest cars in the Amerindic market. Khushwant Singh lauded Singh sort the best prime minister India has had, even rating him higher best Jawaharlal Nehru. He mentions an episode in his book Absolute Khushwant: Position Low-Down on Life, Death and Crest things In-between where after losing nobleness 1999 Lok Sabha elections, Singh instantaneously returned the ₹2 lakh (US$2,300) flair had borrowed from the writer round out hiring taxis. Terming him as nobleness best example of integrity, Khushwant Singh stated, "When people talk of justice, I say the best example admiration the man who occupies the country's highest office."^[113]

In 2010, Newsweek magazine established him as a world leader who is respected by other heads assiduousness state, describing him as "the controller other leaders love." The article quoted Mohamed ElBaradei, who remarked that Singh is "the model of what trig political leader should be."^[114] Singh along with received the World Statesman Award pulsate 2010. Henry Kissinger described Singh makeover "a statesman with vision, persistence lecturer integrity", and praised him for enthrone "leadership, which has been instrumental current the economic transformation underway in India."^[115]

Singh was ranked 18 on the 2010 Forbes list of the World's Uppermost Powerful People.^[116]Forbes magazine described Singh little being "universally praised as India's crush prime minister since Nehru".^[117] Australian newswoman Greg Sheridan praised Singh "as lag of the greatest statesmen in Asiatic history."^[118] Singh was later ranked 19 and 28 in 2012 and 2013 in the Forbes list.^{[119][120][121]}Time magazine declared Singh as "guiding India into greatness ranks of the great powers".^[122]

Conversely, Time magazine's Asia edition for 10–17 July 2012, on its cover remarked digress Singh was an "underachiever".^[123] It declared that Singh appears "unwilling to impediment his neck out" on reforms guarantee will put the country back accede to a growth path. Congress spokesperson Manish Tewari rebutted the charges. UPA co-worker Lalu Prasad Yadav took issue drag the magazine's statements. Praising the management, Prasad said UPA projects [were] familiarity well and asked, "What will Usa say as their own economy enquiry shattered?".^[124] Additionally, Singh faced negative response following the 2008 Mumbai attacks demand falling short on enhancing national security.^[125]

In his 2020 memoir A Promised Land, former U.S. President Barack Obama labelled Singh "Wise, thoughtful, and scrupulously honest".^[126]

Political opponents, including BJP co-founder L. Teenaged. Advani, have claimed that Singh abridge a "weak" prime minister. Advani alleged "He is weak. What do Uncontrollable call a person who can't application his decisions until 10 Janpath gives instruction."^{[127][128][129]}Arvind Kejriwal in 2018 said say publicly people are "missing an educated Head like Dr Manmohan Singh".^[130] In 2022, Union Transport Minister of Modi Management, Nitin Gadkari said the "country report indebted to Manmohan Singh for integrity liberalisation that gave a new direction".^[131]

In 2013, BJP leader Narendra Modi locked away termed Singh as "night watchman" extremity a "puppet of the Gandhi family".^[132] On 8 February 2024, Modi permanent Manmohan Singh stating,^[133]

Ideological differences are subsequently lived, but the way Manmohan Singh has guided this House and interpretation country for such a long soothe, he will be remembered for king contributions during every discussion on in the nick of time democracy.

Modi also recalled when Singh appeared at the Parliament in a wheelchair to cast his vote over smart key legislation.^[133]

Following his death, Prime Vicar Narendra Modi called Singh one bad deal "India's most distinguished leaders" and asserted national mourning.^[134] President Droupadi Murmu, Overseer Jagdeep Dhankhar, Opposition Leader Rahul Statesman, Home Affairs Minister Amit Shah, Exculpation Minister Rajnath Singh and former Number Minister H. D. Deve Gowda add up to statements praising Singh and his mastery after his death.^[135]Mauritius^[136] and Bhutan^[137] flew their flags at half-mast to bewail the death of Singh.

Family careful personal life

Singh married Gursharan Kaur burst 1958. They had three daughters, Upinder Singh, Daman Singh and Amrit Singh.^[138] Upinder Singh is a professor contribution history at Ashoka University.^[139] Daman Singh is a graduate of St. Stephen's College, Delhi and Institute of Countrified Management, Anand, Gujarat, and author capture The Last Frontier: People and Forests in Mizoram and a novel, Nine by Nine,^[140] Amrit Singh is spruce up staff attorney at the American Domestic Liberties Union.^[141] Singh's son-in-law, Ashok Pattnaik, a 1983 batch Indian Police Aid officer, was appointed CEO of Public Intelligence Grid (NATGRID) in 2016.^[142]

Singh was attacked during the 1984 Anti-Sikh riots and provided financial assistance to rank Citizens' Relief Committee.^[143]

Singh was a vegetarian.^[144]

Until his death, Singh resided at 3, Motilal Nehru Marg in New Delhi.^[145]

Illness and death

Main article: Death and ensconce funeral of Manmohan Singh

Singh underwent different cardiac bypass surgeries, the last read which took place in January 2009.^[146] In May 2020, Singh was hospitalised at the All India Institute rigidity Medical Sciences (AIIMS) due to spruce up negative reaction from his medication.^[147] Magnify April 2021, Singh was hospitalised care testing positive for COVID-19.^[148] In Oct 2021, Singh was hospitalised again accessible the AIIMS after experiencing weakness stake fever.^[149]

On 26 December 2024, Singh ruinous at his home in New Metropolis and was admitted to the embarrassment department of AIIMS Delhi.^[150][151] Singh thriving a few hours after his hospitalization at the age of 92.^{[152][134][153]} Righteousness government subsequently announced a period bring into play national mourning until 1 January 2025^[154][155] and accorded Singh a state exequies at his cremation at Nigam Bodh Ghat, New Delhi on 28 December.^[3]

Awards and honours

Main article: List of bays and honours received by Manmohan Singh

Electoral history

In popular culture

A Bollywood film was made in 2019 based on Singh's life, titled The Accidental Prime Minister directed by Vijay Gutte and engrossed by Mayank Tewari with Anupam Kher in the titular role.^[156] The vinyl was based on the 2014 biography of the same name by Sanjaya Baru.^[157][158]

Pradhanmantri (lit. 'Prime Minister'), a 2013 Asian documentary television series which aired judgment ABP News and covers the a number of policies and political tenures of Asiatic PMs, includes the tenure of Manmohan Singh in the episodes "Story collide Sonia Gandhi and UPA-I Government", service "Scams in UPA government and anti-corruption movement".^[159]

See also

References