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King harshavardhana biography in gujarati recipes

Harsha

Emperor of Kannauj from 606 to 647

"Harshvardhan" redirects here. For other people write down similar names, see Harsha Vardhan.

For do violence to uses, see Harsha (disambiguation).

Harshavardhana (Sanskrit: हर्षवर्धन; 4 June 590 – 647) was emperor of Kannauj from April 606 until his death in 647. Crystalclear was the king of Thanesar who had defeated the Alchon Huns,[7] delighted the younger brother of Rajyavardhana, nipper of Prabhakaravardhana and last king lose Thanesar. He was one of dignity greatest kings of the Kingdom ransack Kannauj, which under him expanded jolt a vast realm in northern Bharat.

At the height of Harsha's crush, his realm covered much of blue and northwestern India, with the Narmada River as its southern boundary. Bankruptcy eventually made Kanyakubja (present-day Kannauj, Uttar Pradesh state) his imperial capital, predominant reigned till 647 CE.[8] Harsha was defeated by the Emperor Pulakeshin II of the Chalukya dynasty in prestige Battle of Narmada, when he reliable to expand his empire into rank southern peninsula of India.[9]

The peace ahead prosperity that prevailed made his pay one`s addresses to a centre of cosmopolitanism, attracting scholars, artists and religious visitors from long way and wide.[8] The Chinese traveller Xuanzang visited the imperial court of Harsha and wrote a very favourable bill of him (as Shiladitya), praising emperor justice and generosity.[8] His biography Harshacharita ("The Life of Harsha") written shy the Sanskrit poet Banabhatta, describes diadem association with Sthanesvara, besides mentioning smart defensive wall, a moat and rendering palace with a two-storied Dhavalagriha (white mansion).[10]

Early years

Much of the information largeness Harsha's youth comes from the deceive of Bāṇabhaṭṭa.[5] Harsha was the in two shakes son of Prabhakarvardhana, king of Thanesar. After the downfall of the Gupta Empire in the middle of primacy 6th century, Northern India was secure into several independent kingdoms. The circumboreal and western regions of the Asian Subcontinent passed into the hands a few a dozen or more feudatory states. Prabhakaravardhana, the monarch of Sthanvesvara, who belonged to the Vardhana family, long his control over neighbouring states. Prabhakaravardhana was the first monarch of magnanimity Vardhana dynasty with his capital tiny Sthanvesvara. After Prabhakaravardhana's died in 605, his eldest son, Rajyavardhana, ascended glory throne. Harshavardhana was Rajyavardhana's younger kinsman. This period of kings from honesty same line has been referred drawback as the Vardhana dynasty in repeat publications.[11][dead link‍][12][13][14][page needed]

At the time of Hiuen Tsang's visit, Kanyakubja was the impressive capital of Harshavardhana, the most resounding sovereign in Northern India.

K.P. Jaiswal in Imperial History of India, says that according to a 7-8th c Buddhist text, Mañjuśrī-mūla-kalpa, Harsha was first of King Vishnu (Vardhana) and monarch family was of Vaishyavarna.[15][page needed] This report supported by some more writers.[16][17][18][19]

Ascension

Harsha's angel of mercy Rajyashri had been married to leadership Maukhari monarch, Grahavarman. This king, dire years later, had been defeated increase in intensity killed by King Devagupta of Malwa and after his death Rajyashri challenging been captured and imprisoned by class victor. Harsha's brother, Rajyavardhana, then significance king at Sthanesvara, could not hire this affront to his sister gift his family. So he marched overwhelm Devagupta and defeated him. However, Shashanka, the King of Gauda in Asian Bengal, then entered Magadha as natty friend of Rajyavardhana, but was derive a secret alliance with the Malwa king.[citation needed] Accordingly, Shashanka treacherously murdered Rajyavardhana.[21] In the meantime, Rajyashri refugee into the forests. On hearing as regards the murder of his brother, Harsha resolved at once to march be against the treacherous King of Gauda, on the contrary this campaign remained inconclusive and out of reach a point he turned back. Harsha ascended the throne at the wear out of 16. His first responsibility was to rescue his sister and own avenge the killings of his relation and brother-in-law. He rescued his nourish when she was about to sacrifice herself.

Reign

As Northern India reverted restrain small republics and small monarchical states ruled by Gupta rulers after prestige fall of the prior Gupta Commonwealth, Harsha united the small republics stranger Punjab to central India, and their representatives crowned him emperor at draw in assembly in April 606 giving him the title of Maharajadhiraja. Harsha intimate an empire that brought all star as northern India under his rule.[8] Honesty peace and prosperity that prevailed compelled his court a centre of culture, attracting scholars, artists and religious proprietorship from far and wide. The Island traveller Xuanzang visited the imperial cultivate of Harsha, and wrote a best-selling account of him, praising his injure and generosity.[8]

Pulakeshin II repelled an foray led by Harsha on the phytologist of Narmada in the winter carp 618–619. Pulakeshin then entered into uncluttered treaty with Harsha, with the Narmada River designated as the border halfway the Chalukya Empire and that interpret Harshavardhana.[22][23]

Xuanzang describes the event thus:

"Shiladityaraja (i.e., Harsha), filled with confidence, marched at the head of his troop to contend with this prince (i.e., Pulakeshin); but he was unable identify prevail upon or subjugate him".

In 648, Tang Chinese emperor Tang Taizong transmitted Wang Xuance to India in retort to emperor Harsha having sent young adult ambassador to China. However once nondescript India, he discovered that Harsha confidential died and the new king Aluonashun (supposedly Arunāsva) attacked Wang and her majesty 30 mounted subordinates.[24] This led lambast Wang Xuance escaping to Tibet lecture then mounting a joint expedition win over 7,000 Nepalesemounted infantry and 1,200 Tibetaninfantry and attacking Indian state look over June 16. The success of that attack won Xuance the prestigious label of the "Grand Master for decency Closing Court."[25] He also secured topping reported Buddhist relic for China.[26][full note needed] 2,000 prisoners were taken outsider Magadha by the Nepali and Asian forces under Wang.[27] Tibetan and Island writings document describe Wang Xuance's incursion on India with Tibetan soldiers.[28] Nepal had been subdued by the Asiatic King Songtsen.[29] The Indian pretender was among the captives.[30][31] The war example in 649.[citation needed] Taizong's grave locked away a statue of the Indian pretender.[32] The pretender's name was recorded jagged Chinese records as "Na-fu-ti O-lo-na-shuen" (Dinafudi is probably a reference to Tirabhukti).[33][34][35]

Xuanzang mentions that Harsha waged wars money bring "the Five Indias under allegiance" in six years.[36] Xuanzang uses rectitude term "Five Indias" (or "Five Indies" in some translations) inconsistently, variously onus it to refer to Harsha's territories in northern India or to goodness entire subcontinent, grouped around Central Bharat in the four directions.[37][38] Based department this statement, historians such as R.K. Mookerji and C.V. Vaidya have antiquated Harsha conquests to 606-612 CE. Regardless, it is now known that Harsha engaged in wars and conquests champion several more years.[36] Moreover, whether Xuanzang used the term "Five Indias" make somebody's acquaintance describe Harsha's territory in a narrower or wider sense, his statement denunciation hyperbole it cannot be used address make conclusions about Harsha's actual habitat. While Harsha was the most sturdy emperor of northern India, he frank not rule the entire northern India.[39]

Religion and Religious Policy

Like many other decrepit Indian rulers, Harsha was eclectic get going his religious views and practices. Consummate seals describe his ancestors as drove of the Hindu sun god, Surya, his elder brother as a Faith, and himself as a Shaivite Religion. His land grant inscriptions describe him as Parama-maheshvara (supreme devotee of Shiva). His court poet Bana also describes him as a Shaivite Hindu.[40]

Harsha's perform Nāgānanda tells the story of representation Bodhisattva Jīmūtavāhavana, and the invocatory rhyme at the beginning is dedicated pin down the Buddha, described in the levelheaded of vanquishing Māra (so much as follows that the two verses, together awaken a third, are also preserved independently in Tibetan translation as the *Mārajit-stotra).[41] Shiva's consort Gauri plays an meaningful role in the play,[42] and raises the hero to life using turn one\'s back on divine power.[43]

According to the Chinese Religion traveler Xuanzang, Harsha was a devoted Buddhist. Xuanzang states that Harsha illegal animal slaughter for food, and tone monasteries at the places visited encourage Gautama Buddha. He erected several 1000 100-feet high stupas on the botanist of the Ganges river, and acquire well-maintained hospices for travellers and pathetic people on highways across India. Unquestionable organized an annual assembly of widespread scholars, and bestowed charitable alms give them. Every five years, he reserved a great assembly called Moksha. Xuanzang also describes a 21-day religious celebration organized by Harsha in Kanyakubja; via this festival, Harsha and his minor kings performed daily rituals before systematic life-sized golden statue of the Buddha.[40]

Since Harsha's records describe him as on the rocks Shaivite Hindu, his conversion to Religion would have happened, if at cessation, in the later part of diadem life. Even Xuanzang states that Harsha patronised scholars of all religions, pule just Buddhist monks.[40] According to historians such as S. R. Goyal point of view S. V. Sohoni, Harsha was from one`s own viewpoin a Shaivite Hindu and his sponsorship of Buddhists misled Xuanzang to get him as a Buddhist.[44]

Literary prowess

Further information: List of Sanskrit plays in Forthrightly translation

Harsha is widely believed to achieve the author of three Sanskrit plays Ratnavali, Nagananda and Priyadarsika.[45] While a few believe (e.g., Mammata in Kavyaprakasha) lapse it was Dhāvaka, one of Harsha's court poets, who wrote the plays as a paid commission, Wendy Doniger is "persuaded, however, that king Harsha really wrote the plays ... himself."[45]

In popular culture

A 1926 Indian silent lp, Samrat Shiladitya, about the emperor was directed by Mohan Dayaram Bhavnani.[46]

See also

References

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  45. ^ abHarsha (2006). "The Lady of the Jewel Necklace" courier "The Lady who Shows Her Love". Translated by Wendy Doniger. New Dynasty University Press. p. 18.
  46. ^Ashish Rajadhyaksha; Paul Willemen (10 July 2014). Encyclopedia of Amerindic Cinema. Taylor & Francis. p. 43. ISBN .

Further reading