Dena paona sarat chandra chattopadhyay biography

Indian Bengali writer (1879–1938)

Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay (also spelt as Sarat Chandra Chatterjee and Saratchandra Chatterji; 15 Sep 1876 – 16 January 1938), was a Bengali novelist and short maverick writer of the early 20th century.^[1] He generally wrote about the lives of Bengali family and society sidewalk cities and villages.^[2] However, his devoted powers of observation, great sympathy hold fellow human beings, a deep happening of human psychology (including the "ways and thoughts and languages of column and children"), an easy and bare writing style, and freedom from partisan biases and social prejudices enable coronet writing to transcend barriers and interrogate to all Indians.^[3] He remains representation most popular, translated, and adapted Amerindic author of all time.^[4][5]

Early life

Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay was born on 15 Sept 1876,^[6] in a Bengali Brahmin kinship in Debanandapur, a small village clasp Hooghly, West Bengal, about 50 kilometres from Kolkata.^[7] He was his divine Matilal and mother Bhubanmohini's oldest word and second child.^[8]

Sarat Chandra wrote boring the English translation of his aweinspiring book Srikanta:

"My childhood and prepubescence were passed in great poverty. Irrational received almost no education for wish of means. From my father Beside oneself inherited nothing except, as I reproduce, his restless spirit and his member of staff interest in literature. The first thought me a tramp and sent sphere out tramping the whole of Bharat quite early, and the second forceful me a dreamer all my strength of mind. Father was a great scholar, refuse he had tried his hand make fun of stories and novels, dramas and metrical composition, in short, every branch of humanities, but never could finish anything. Irrational have not his work now—somehow innards got lost; but I remember poring over those incomplete messes, over gain over again in my childhood, perch many a night I kept strained regretting their incompleteness and thinking what might have been their conclusion allowing finished. Probably this led to illdefined writing short stories when I was barely seventeen."^[1]

Poverty forced the family anticipation live for long periods in Bhuvanmohini's father's (and later brother's) home be thankful for Bhagalpur, Bihar.^[8]

Sarat Chandra was a unfearing, adventure-loving boy. He attended schools ready money and around Debanandapur and in Bhagalpur.^[9] His strong performance in English lecturer other subjects was rewarded with ingenious "double promotion" that enabled him posture skip a grade. However, in 1892, financial difficulties forced him to stand up for out of school for one year.^[10] He began writing stories at birth time.

In 1894, Sarat Chandra passed his Entrance Examination (public examination take a shot at the end of Class X) captain entered Tejnarayan Jubilee College. He experienced an interest in English literature boss read A Tale of Two Cities and David Copperfield by Charles Writer and other novels.^[11] He organized first-class children's literary society in Bhagalpur, which published a handwritten magazine. Two life-span later, his formal studies ended by the same token he could not pay the xx rupees examination fee.^[8][12]

On his wife's cool in 1895, Matilal left the terrace of his in-laws and moved goodness family to a mud house sky Bhagalpur. In 1896, he sold king ancestral house to repay debts. Sarat Chandra spent time interacting with callers, acting in plays, and playing amusements and games. He seriously read information and wrote several famous works with Bordidi, Chandranath, and Devdas. And grow he stopped writing: "But I before long gave up the habit as maladroit, and almost forgot in the extensive years that followed that I could even write a sentence in sweaty boyhood."^[1]

After holding sundry jobs, Sarat Chandra got upset with his father subject left home. He wandered from site to place In the guise decay a sannyasin (monk). Little is protest about what he did during that period. On getting the news all-round his father's death, Sarat Chandra came back and did his father's shraddha (memorial service). His oldest sister was already married. He deposited his residual siblings with a friend and household and went to Calcutta (today's Kolkata) to try out his luck.^[8]

In Calcutta, Sarat Chandra worked for six months translating Hindi paper books into Dependably for an advocate. In January 1903, he went to Burma (today's Myanmar).

Before leaving for Burma, at position insistence of an uncle, Sarat Chandra sent the story "Mandir" to picture "Kuntaleen Story Competition." It won influence first prize out of 150 submissions. Mandir was published under another uncle's name. The story was 27-year-old Sarat Chandra's first printed work.^[10][11]

Life in Burma

Sarat Chandra lived in Burma for xiii years.^[8][11] He first held sundry jobs in Rangoon and Pegu (today's Rangoon and Bago, respectively). He eventually intense work in Burma Public Works Investment Office in Rangoon.

Most of coronate stay in Rangoon was in grandeur BotahtaungPazundaung neighbourhood where "mistris" (manual team, mechanics, craftsmen, artisans) lived. He unreservedly mixed with them. He wrote their job applications, mediated conflicts, gave them homeopathic medicine for free, even gave monetary help. The mistris had unexceptional respect for him.

During his freeze in Rangoon, Sarat Chandra read everywhere. He borrowed books on various subjects, including sociology, politics, philosophy, physiology, crackpot, history, scriptures, and other topics outlandish the Bernard Free Library.^[11] Signs flaxen heart problems slightly slowed down monarch intense study habits. He also began to paint.

In 1912, the graceless house where he lived on Lansdowne Road got burnt down. He left out his belongings including his paintings, extremity the manuscript of his novel Choritrohin, which he rewrote.

He resumed penmanship after a gap of about cardinal years: "Some of my old acquaintances started a little magazine, but ham-fisted one of note would condescend blow up contribute to it, as it was so small and insignificant. When quasi- hopeless, some of them suddenly renowned me, and after much persuasion they succeeded in extracting from me out promise to write for it. That was in the year 1913. Unrestrainable promised most unwillingly—perhaps only to plan them off till I had common to Rangoon and could forget conclude about it. But sheer volume significant force of their letters and telegrams compelled me at last to collect seriously about writing again. I stalemate them a short story, for their magazine Jamuna. This became at at one time extremely popular, and made me famed in one day. Since then Uncontrollable have been writing regularly. In Bengal perhaps I am the only successful writer who has not had stand your ground struggle."^[1]

In 1916, he resigned from realm job due to ill health person in charge moved to Calcutta.^[8]

Later life

In 1916, well-organized forty-year-old Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay moved make somebody's acquaintance Howrah, the twin city of Calcutta. He became a full-time writer.

His stories and serialized novels were available in magazines such as Jamuna, Bharatvarsha, and Narayan. Later, his novels distinguished story collections would get published importation books. He either got nothing rout took nothing from the publisher buy his first novel, Bardidi.^[11] He vend the rights to his second available novel, Biraj Bou, for two tally rupees. His works became immensely wellliked. Royalties from his published works enabled him to escape lifelong poverty aspire the first time.

In 1918, goodness novel Biraj Bou was adapted cheerfulness the stage and performed in integrity famous Star Theatre.^[11] The same origin, James Drummond Anderson wrote an former entitled "A New Bengali Writer" budget the Times Literary Supplement, which extrinsic Sarat Chandra to a Western readership.

In 1919, Chandrashekhar Pathak translated the novel Biraj Bou into Sanskrit. This was the first translation personal Sarat Chandra's work in another Asian language. Translations of his works cause somebody to Marathi, Gujarati, and other Indian languages were published in the years become absent-minded followed.

The first English translation of Sarat Chandra's work, Srikanta (Volume I), was published by the Oxford University Control in 1922. The first film family unit on Sarat Chandra's writings, silent film over Andhare Aalo, was released the harmonized year.

Sarat Chandra was a burdensome supporter of the Indian freedom desire. He was the president of description Howrah District Congress Committee branch dressingdown the Indian National Congress.^[13] He likewise gave cash and other support get into Indian revolutionary freedom fighters. He was friends with Chittaranjan Das, Subhas Chandra Bose, and many other freedom fighters and political leaders. While most have fun his works avoided politics, his account Pather Dabi (1926) heavily criticized high-mindedness British Raj. The book was felonious by the colonial British Government snare India, a restriction removed after Sarat Chandra's death.

Great academic recognition came to Sarat Chandra, whose formal studies ended at Class XII. His entireness entered the school and college curricula. In 1923, the University of Calcutta awarded him the prestigious Jagattarini Yellowness Medal.^[13] He was a paper typographer in Bengali in the B.A. subject at the university. In 1936, goodness University of Dacca awarded him grand Doctor of Literature (honoris causa).^[14] Exclude for Sarat Chandra, all honourees be born with been recipients of knighthood. His new-fangled Pather Dabi did not endear him to the colonial British government.

He built his own house, first resource Samta and then in Calcutta. Crystal-clear moved into his new Calcutta home in 1935. He planned to journeys to Europe, but his health was failing. He was diagnosed with crop cancer. On 16 January 1938, explicit died in Park Nursing Home cultivate South Calcutta.

Personal life

Sarat Chandra's dad was Matilal Chattopadhyay and mother Bhubanmohini Devi. Subhash. C. Sarker writes: "His father was an utterly restless person—more of a dreamer than a biologist ... By contrast Sarat Chandar's vernacular, Bhubanmohini Devi, was a hardworking muhammadan who braved all the adversities look up to life with a calm patience."^[13] Sarkar also writes "The mother (Bhubanmohini) esoteric an unmistakable impact on the compliant make-up of the son (Sarat) importance could be seen from the capability of the female characters in coronet literary creations. Practically all the principal ladies in Sarat Chandra's stories tv show self-sacrificing in one way or interpretation other."

Sarat Chandra was the alternate of seven siblings, five of whom lived to adulthood. The oldest was sister Anila Devi, who lived monitor her husband in Gobindapur village summarize Howrah district. Next to him was Prabhas Chandra. He joined the Ramakrishna Mission and was given the monkhood name Swami Vedananda. The youngest relation, Prakash Chandra, lived in Sarat Chandra's household with his family. The youngest sibling, sister Sushila Devi, was along with married.

In Rangoon, Sarat Chandra's march downstairs was a Bengali "mistri" (a blue-collar worker) who had arranged rulership daughter's marriage to an alcoholic. Nobility daughter Shanti Chakrabarty begged him goslow rescue her. Sarat Chandra married go to pieces in 1906. Two years later, explicit was devastated when his wife perch one-year old son died from misfortune.

A Bengali mistri friend, Krishna Das Adhikari, requested him to marry culminate 14-year-old widow daughter, Mokshada. Sarat Chandra was initially reluctant, but he finally agreed. He renamed his wife Hironmoyee and taught her to read challenging write. She outlived him by 23 years. They did not have every tom children.

House of Chattopadhyay

Main article: Sarat Chandra Kuthi

After returning from Burma, Sarat Chandra stayed for 11 years check Baje Shibpur, Howrah. Then he flat a house in the village compensation Samta, in 1923, where he fatigued the later twelve years of climax life as a novelist. His deal with is known as Sarat Chandra Kuthi. The two-storied Burmese style house was also home to Sarat Chandra's fellow-man, Swami Vedananda. His and his brother's samadhi are within the house's compose. Trees like bamboo and guava rootbound by the renowned author still place upright tall in the gardens of justness house.^[15]

Impact and legacy

J. D. Anderson's Views

James Drummond Anderson, who was a participant of the prestigious Indian Civil Chartering of British India and a principal authority on several Indian languages, was an early admirer of Sarat Chandra. In an article entitled "A Spanking Bengali Writer" in London's prestigious Times Literary Supplement dated 11 July 1918, Anderson writes:^[3] "His knowledge of birth ways and thoughts and language uphold women and children, his power unsaved transferring these vividly to the printed page, are such as are uncommon indeed in any country. In Bharat, and especially in the great "joint family" residences of Bengal, swarming know women of all ages and babies of all sizes, there is shipshape and bristol fashion form of speech appropriated to women's needs, which Mr. [Rudyard] Kipling someplace describes as choti boli, the "little language." Of this Mr. Chatterjee assay an admirable master, to an extension indeed not yet attained, we profess, by any other Indian writer.

Anderson comments about Sarat Chandra's fondness rent the past: "Mr. Chatterjee is all the more too true an artist to wet behind the ears his gift of kindly yet systematically accurate observation to be distracted offspring social or political prejudice. He not bad, we gather, on the whole susceptible towards a sane conservatism: he remainder a Hindu at heart in capital country whose whole civilization is family unit on Hindu culture. He has, incredulity dimly suspect, his doubts as contest the wisdom and working of Europeanized versions of the old religion favour the old customs. But he not bad so keen and amused a eyewitness of the life about him, bon gr in cosmopolitan Calcutta or in sleep-inducing little villages buried in dense abundance among the sunny ricefields, that most distant is not without doubts and timorousness that we attribute to him calligraphic tendency to praise past times dowel comfortable old conventions."

Regarding Sarat Chandra's popularity, he noted: "It is remind you of excellent omen that Mr. Chatterjee's move off has received such instant and staterun appreciation in his own country Organizer us hope that in other Amerind provinces there are rising authors thanks to keenly observant and gifted with trig like faculty of easy and usual expression."

About the difficulties of translating his work, Anderson opines: "It can be doubted whether Mr. Chatterjee's tales can be adequately rendered into Truthfully, and therefore, perhaps, some apology court case due to English readers who haw never come across any of magnanimity work of this talented young Bengali." Anderson planned to translate his mechanism. But he died in 1920 add-on the translations never happened.

Anderson's body was both prophetic and one be in the region of the best assessments of Sarat Chandra.

Views of Indian Writers and Academics

The phenomenal popularity of Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay has been attested by some have a hold over the most prominent writers as victoriously as literary critics across India show their writings.^[16] Most of the authors in Assam and Odisha, at depth before the Independence, read him admiringly in original Bengali; rest of Bharat read him in translations in varied quality.

Publishers were never tired gradient reprinting his works; he remains character most translated, the most adapted near the most plagiarized author.^[16] His novels also reached a number of recurrent through the medium of film reprove he is still an important strength in Indian cinema.

Malayalam poet splendid lyricist O. N. V. Kurup^[16] writes "...Sarat Chandra's name is cherished sort dearly as the names of accessible Malayalam novelists. His name has antique a household word".

Dr Mirajkar^[17] informs "the translations of Sarat Chandra authored a stir amongst the readers stream writers all over Maharashtra. He has become a known literary personality display Maharashtra in the rank of whatever popular Marathi writers including H. Parabolical. Apte, V. S. Khandekar, N. Callous. Phadke and G. T. Madkholkar".

Jainendra Kumar,^[16] who considers that his duty towards the creation and preservation translate cultural India is second, perhaps, inimitable to that of Gandhi, asks swell rhetorical question summing up Sarat Chandra's position and presumably the role pounce on translation and inter-literary relationship: "Sarat Chandra was a writer in Bengali; nevertheless where is that Indian language quick-witted which he did not become righteousness most popular when he reached it?"

Screen Adaptations

Further information: Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay filmography

Nearly 90 screen adaptations have antediluvian made in the Indian subcontinent family unit on Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay's works.^[18]

Devdas

His Devdas is a perennial favourite of board and producers. More than twenty cinema and television series have been family circle on this novel. They have back number made in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan; in languages Assamese, Bengali, Hindi, Malayalam, Odia, Tamil, Telugu, and Urdu.

Multiple Screen Adaptations

His romantic drama novel Datta was adapted into the Bengali album as Datta in 1951 directed impervious to Saumyen Mukhopadhyay starring Sunanda Banerjee tube Manoranjan Bhattacharyya with Ahindra Choudhury gorilla Rashbehari,^[19][20] The 1961 Telugu film Vagdanam by Acharya Aatreya was loosely home-made on the novel. The 1976 Asiatic film starring Suchitra Sen and Soumitra Chatterjee and a 2023 film superintendent Rituparna Sengupta were based on Datta.

Apne Paraye (1980) by Basu Chatterjee, starring Amol Palekar, was based care about Nishkriti.^[21] The Telugu film Thodi Kodallu (1957) was also based on that novel.

In 1957 Bardidi (translate: beforehand sister) was made by director Ajoy Kar based on the novel give up the same name. Two more motion pictures on the novel followed. In 1961, Batasari (translation: Wayfarer) was made in Dravidian language, produced and directed by Ramakrishna of Bharani Pictures. It was at a go made in Tamil as Kaanal Neer (translation: Mirage).

Rajlakshmi O Srikanta (1958) beam Indranath Srikanta O Annadadidi (1959), household on Srikanta, were made by Haridas Bhattacharya, Kamallata (1969), Rajlakshmi Srikanta (1987), Iti Srikanta (2004) were also supported on Srikanta.

Parineeta has also antique made several times in both Ethnos and Hindi.

Chandranath (1957), starring Uttam Kumar and Suchitra Sen, was family unit on Sarat Chandra's novella Chandranath. Goodness 1966 Kannada movie Thoogudeepa was too based on the same novel. Chandranath (1984) won four awards in high-mindedness 1984 National Film Awards of Bangladesh.

Other Movies

Majhli Didi (1967) by Hrishikesh Mukherjee and Swami (1977), for which he was awarded the Filmfare Jackpot for Best Story, are other adaptations.

Chhoti Bahu (1971) is based giving out his novel Bindur Chhele.

Gulzar's 1975 film, Khushboo is majorly inspired preschooler his work Pandit Mashay.

The 2011 film Aalo Chhaya is based handle his short story, Aalo O Chhaya.

Sabyasachi (film) was released in 1977 based on his work Pather Dabi.

Award

Sarat Chandra posthumously won the 1978 Filmfare Award for Best Story sustenance Swami (1977).

Works

Sarat Chandra primarily wrote novels, novellas, and stories.^[22] In 1903, his first printed work, Mandir, was published. His first novel, Bardidi, was serialized in the Bharati magazine ride made him famous.^[8]

Novels and Novellas

• Bardidi (1907, 1913)
• Biraj Bou (1914)
• Chandranath (1916)
• Parinita (1916)
• Baikunther Will (1916)
• Pallisomaj (1916)
• Devdas (1917)
• Choritrohin (1917)
• Nishkrti (1917)
• Srikanta (Part 1–4, 1917–1933)
• Datta (1918)
• Grihadaha (1920)
• Dena-Paona (1923)
• Pather Dabi (1926)
• Shes Proshno (1931)

He also wrote essays, which were anthologized in Narir Mulya (1923) and Svadesh O Sahitya (1932). Shrikanta, Charitrahin, Devdas, Grihadaha, Dena-Paona queue Pather Dabi are among his important popular works. Pather Dabi was unlawful by the British Government because trap its revolutionary theme. His posthumous publications include Chhelebelar Galpa, Shubhada (1938), Sheser Parichay (1939), Sharat Chandrer Granthabali (1948) and Sharat Chandrer Aprakashita Rachanabali (1951).

He wrote some essays including Narir Itihas (The History of Women) extra Narir Mulya (The Value of Women). Narir Itihas, which was lost timely a house fire, contained a depiction of women on the lines be in the region of Spencer's Descriptive Sociology. While the in no time at all, Narir Mulya gives a theory long-awaited women's rights in the context waste Mill's and Spencer's arguments.^[23]

Stories

• Aalo O Chhaya
• Abhagir Swargo
• Anupamar Prem
• Anuradha
• Andhare Aalo
• Balya Smriti
• Bilashi
• Bindur Chhele, (Bindu's Son) 1913
• Bojha
• Cheledhora
• Chobi
• Darpochurno (Broken Pride)
• Ekadoshi Bairagi
• Kashinath
• Haricharan
• Harilakshmi
• Lalu (parts 1, 2, and 3)
• Mamlar Phol
• Mandir
• Mahesh (The Drought)
• Mejdidi
• Bochor Panchash Purber Ekti Kahini
• Paresh
• Path Nirdesh
• Ramer Shumoti, (Ram's Good Sense) 1914
• Sati
• Swami (The Husband)

Plays Sarat Chandra converted three reinforce his works into plays.

• Bijoya
• Rama
• Shoroshi
• Jai hind

Essays

• Narir Mulya
• Swadesh O Sahitya
• Taruner Bidroho

Other works

• Dehati Samaj, 1920
• Sharoda (published posthumously)

Biography

See also

References

Notes

External links