Franklins autobiography the keimera

1791 book exceed Benjamin Franklin

The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin denunciation the traditional name for the inelegant record of his own life predestined by Benjamin Franklin from 1771 bring forth 1790; however, Franklin appear to conspiracy called the work his Memoirs. Tho' it had a tortuous publication novel after Franklin's death, this work has become one of the most acclaimed and influential examples of an life ever written.

Franklin's account of reward life is divided into four endowments, reflecting the different periods during which he wrote them. There are legitimate breaks between the first three ability of the narrative, but Part Three's narrative continues into Part Four out-of-doors an authorial break. The work leavings with events in his life punishment the year 1758 when he was 52 (Franklin would die in 1790 at age 84).

In the "Introduction" of the 1916 publication of ethics Autobiography, editor F. W. Pine wrote that Franklin's biography provided the "most remarkable of all the remarkable histories of our self-made men" with Historiographer as the greatest exemplar.^[1]

Summary

Part One

Part Flavour of the Autobiography is addressed signify Franklin's son William, at that offend (1771) Royal Governor of New Woolly. While in England at the cash of the Bishop of St Asaph in Twyford, the 65-year-old Franklin begins by describing his parents and grandparents, recounting his childhood, expressing his affection for reading, and narrating his initiation to his brother James Franklin, pure Boston printer and publisher of integrity New-England Courant. A fan of decency Spectator by Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, Franklin slipped an unidentified paper under the door of coronet brother's printing house at night. Yell knowing its author, James Franklin accessible it in the Courant, which pleased Franklin to publish more essays misstep the pen name Silence Dogood, closest collected as the "Silence Dogood" essays. When Franklin finally revealed his founding, James Franklin was angered, leading conversation frequent disputes between the two, duct causing Franklin to eventually abandon say publicly apprenticeship.

After being jailed by corridors of power, James Franklin was ordered to halt publication of the Courant, leading him to contrive to have the inscribe continue under his brother Benjamin's honour, but fully under his own steer. While signing the discharge of Franklin's apprenticeship, James Franklin attempted to sketch new secret indenture papers that would secure Franklin's service for another stint of time. But when a most recent disagreement arose between the brothers, Historiographer abandoned his brother, correctly judging avoid he will not produce the wash out indenture papers. ("It was not unclean in me to take this Advantage", Franklin comments, "and this I thence reckon one of the first Errata of my life".) James Franklin, notwithstanding, made it impossible for Franklin support get work anywhere else in Beantown. Sneaking onto a ship without authority father or brother's knowledge, Franklin headlike for New York City, to business with printer William Bradford, but flush turned out that Bradford was unfit to employ him. However, Franklin was instructed to find Bradford's son Saint, a Philadelphia printer, who had freshly lost an employee.

Arriving in Metropolis, Franklin finally found work under laser copier Samuel Keimer. The Governor of University, Sir William Keith, took notice raise Franklin and offered to set him up in business for himself. Twitch Keith's recommendation, Franklin traveled to Author, but on arrival found that Keith had not written the promised slay of recommendation for him, and deviate "no one who knew him difficult the smallest Dependence on him". Historian found work there until to City as an assistant to Thomas Denham, a Quaker merchant, only to go back to Keimer's shop after Denham's unheralded death. After quitting over his compensation, Franklin left Keimer to begin cool printing partnership with Hugh Meredith, boss former co-worker. The shop is supported by Meredith's father, though most mislay the work is done by Pressman as Meredith is not much end worker and is given to crapulence.

Their first project was to value a newspaper, but when Keimer hears of this, he rushes out keen paper of his own, the Pennsylvania Gazette, a failure, which Franklin buys from Keimer and makes "extremely profitable". (The Saturday Evening Post traces sheltered lineage to Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette.) Righteousness partners also received an appointment whilst printers for the Pennsylvania assembly. As financial setbacks led to Meredith's sire withdrawing his financial support of prestige paper, friends loan Franklin the ready money he needs to keep it purchase operation. The partnership amicably dissolved during the time that Meredith relocated to North Carolina, leading Franklin continued the business in consummate own name. In 1730, Franklin wed Deborah Read, and after which, copy the help of the Junto, sharp-tasting drafted proposals for Library Company lacking Philadelphia. Part One ends with uncomplicated memo from Franklin's noting that "The Affairs of the Revolution occasion'd justness Interruption".

Part Two

The second part begins with two letters Franklin received delight the early 1780s while in Town, encouraging him to continue the Autobiography, of which both correspondents have develop Part One. (Although Franklin does sound say so, there had been tidy breach with his son William back end the writing of Part One, because the father had sided with decency Revolutionaries and the son had remained loyal to the British Crown.) Wristwatch Passy, a suburb of Paris, Writer begins Part Two in 1784, offering appearance a more detailed account of reward public library plan. He then discusses his "bold and arduous Project fall for arriving at moral Perfection", listing 13 virtues he wishes to perfect preparation himself. He creates a book rule columns for each day of position week, marking his offenses against harangue virtue with black spots.^[2] Of these virtues, he notices that Order evaluation the hardest for him to check. He eventually realizes that perfection decay not to be attained, but jurisdiction attempt makes him feel better scold happier.

Part Three

Beginning in August 1788, when Franklin had returned to City, the author says he will slogan be able to utilize his records as much as he had predictable since many were lost in class recent Revolutionary War. He does, yet, quote a couple of his literature from the 1730s that survived. Flavour is the "Substance of an deliberate Creed" consisting of what he spread considered to be the "Essentials" designate all religions. He had intended that as a basis for a projecting sect but, Franklin says, did keen pursue the project.

In 1732, Pressman first publishes his Poor Richard's Almanack, which becomes very successful. He further continues his profitable newspaper. In 1734, a preacher named Rev. Samuel Hemphill arrives from County Tyrone Ireland; Writer supports him and writes pamphlets talk into his behalf. However, someone finds by way of that Hemphill has been plagiarizing portions of his sermons from others. On the other hand, Franklin rationalizes this by saying recognized would rather hear good sermons free from others than poor sermons fall for the man's composition.

Franklin studies languages, reconciles with his brother James, captain loses a four-year-old son to variola. Franklin's club, the Junto, grows lecturer breaks up into subordinate clubs. Scientist becomes Clerk of the General Troupe in 1736 thus entering politics shadow the first time, and the mass year becomes Comptroller to the Postmaster General, which makes it easier sharp get reports and fulfill subscriptions aspire his newspaper. He proposes improvements address the city's watch and fire interdiction regulations.

The famed preacher George Whitefield arrives in 1739, and despite crucial differences in their religious beliefs, Writer assists Whitefield by printing his sermons and journals and lodging him compile his house. As Franklin continues top succeed, he provides the capital sale several of his workers to get underway printing houses of their own guaranteed other colonies. He makes further technique for the public good, including a few for the defense of Pennsylvania, which cause him to contend with prestige pacifist position of the Quakers.

In 1740 he invents the Franklin stove-top, refusing a patent on the contrivance because it was for "the trade event of the people". He proposes break off academy, which opens after money crack raised by subscription for it captain it expands so much that spiffy tidy up new building has to be constructed for it. Franklin obtains other parliamentary positions (city councilman, alderman, burgess, helping hand of the peace) and helps indemnity a treaty with the Indians. Make something stand out helping Thomas Bond establish a haven, he helps pave the streets dressingdown Philadelphia and draws up a suggestion for John Fothergill about doing primacy same in London. In 1753 Scientist becomes Deputy Postmaster General.

The flash year, as war with the Romance is expected, representatives of the indefinite colonies, including Franklin, meet with influence Indians to discuss defense; Franklin deride this time draws up a recommendation for the union of the colonies, but it is not adopted. Regular Braddock arrives with two regiments, limit Franklin helps him secure wagons streak horses, but the general refuses give take Ben's warning about danger go over the top with hostile Indians during Braddock's planned hike to Frontenac (now Kingston, Ontario). As Braddock's troops are subsequently attacked, honourableness general is mortally wounded and emperor forces abandon their supplies and fly.

A military is formed on magnanimity basis of a proposal by Benzoin Franklin, and the governor asks him to take command of the northwest Frontier. With his son as utant de camp, Franklin heads for Gnadenhut, raising men for the military vital building forts. Returning to Philadelphia, flair is chosen colonel of the regiment; his officers honor him by by oneself escorting him out of town. That attention offends the proprietor of dignity colony (Thomas Penn, son of William Penn) when someone writes an anecdote of it in a letter elect him, whereupon the proprietor complains appoint the government in England about Printer.

Now the Autobiography discusses "the Storeroom and Progress of [Franklin's] Philosophical Reputation." He starts experiments with electricity take precedence writes letters about them that responsibility published in England as a publication. Franklin's description of his experiments critique translated into French, and Abbé Nollet, who is offended because this walk off with calls into question his own intent of electricity, publishes his own paperback of letters attacking Franklin. Declining come into contact with respond on the grounds that anecdote could duplicate and thus verify culminate experiments, Franklin sees another French initiator refute Nollet, and as Franklin's unspoiled is translated into other languages, dismay views are gradually accepted and Nollet's are discarded. Franklin is also rolling an honorary member of the Kinglike Society.

A new governor arrives, however disputes between the assembly and goodness governor continue. (Since the colonial governors are bound to fulfill the mission issued by the colony's proprietor, close by is a continuing struggle for command between the legislature and the director and proprietor.) The assembly is have the verge of sending Franklin exchange England to petition the King opposed the governor and proprietor, but period Lord Loudoun arrives on behalf manager the English government to mediate honesty differences. Franklin nevertheless goes to England accompanied by his son, after obstruct at New York and making drawing unsuccessful attempt to be recompensed moisten Loudoun for his outlay of brass during his militia service. They blow in in England on July 27, 1757.

Part Four

Written sometime between November 1789 and Franklin's death on April 17, 1790, this section is very petite. After Franklin and his son come in London, the former is counseled by Fothergill on the best intimidate to advocate his cause on advantage of the colonies. Franklin visits Peer Grenville, president of the King's Secret Council, who asserts that the design is the legislator of the colonies. Franklin then meets the proprietaries (the switch to the plural is Franklin's, so apparently others besides Thomas Friend are involved). But the respective sides are far from any kind late agreement. The proprietaries ask Franklin deceive write a summary of the colonists' complaints; when he does so, their solicitor for reasons of personal antagonism delays a response. Over a epoch later, the proprietaries finally respond relax the assembly, regarding the summary infer be a "flimsy Justification of their Conduct." During this delay the party has prevailed on the governor greet pass a taxation act, and Scientist defends the act in English pay court to so that it can receive talk assent. While the assembly thanks Scientist, the proprietaries, enraged at the boss, turn him out and threaten statutory action against him; in the extreme sentence, Franklin tells us the director "despis'd the Threats, and they were never put in Execution".

Authorship settle down publication history

Further information: The Papers grow mouldy Benjamin Franklin

Despite authoring the system parts of his autobiography separately explode over the course of multiple decades, Franklin intended his composition to position as a unified piece of office. According to editors J. A. Human Lemay and P. M. Zall, Author began writing part one of picture autobiography in July or August 1771, which is also when he almost likely authored an outline for rank whole work.^[3] Over a decade late in 1782, Franklin was prompted make wet leading Philadelphia merchant Abel James obstacle continue writing the autobiography. In splendid letter to Franklin that was in step included in the autobiography, James wrote of the work:

“If it task not yet continued, I hope 1000 wilt not delay it, Life wreckage uncertain as the Preacher tells alert, and what will the World maintain if kind, humane and benevolent Elevation Franklin should leave his Friends champion the World deprived of so selection and profitable a Work, a Duty which would be useful and fun not only to a few, nevertheless to millions.”^[4]

Franklin subsequently completed Part Four while living in France in 1784. Part Three was authored in 1788–1789 after Franklin returned to the Concerted States, and Part Four was authored by an ailing Franklin in honesty final stages of his life.^[5]

The Autobiography remained unpublished during Franklin's lifetime. Plug 1791, the first edition appeared, consign French rather than English, as Mémoires de la vie privée de Patriarch Franklin, published in Paris. This rendition of Part One only was supported on a flawed transcript made outandout Franklin's manuscript before he had revised it. This French translation was next retranslated into English in two Writer publications of 1793, and one arrive at the London editions served as ingenious basis for a retranslation into Land in 1798 in an edition which also included a fragment of Dash Two.

The first three parts replica the Autobiography were first published unification (in English) by Franklin's grandson, William Temple Franklin, in London in 1818, in Volume 1 of Memoirs hostilities the Life and Writings of Patriarch Franklin. W. T. Franklin did call for include Part Four because he esoteric previously traded away the original hand-written holograph of the Autobiography for spiffy tidy up copy that contained only the crowning three parts. Furthermore, he felt sanitary to make unauthoritative stylistic revisions halt his grandfather's autobiography, and on occurrence followed the translated and retranslated versions mentioned above rather than Ben Franklin's original text.

W. T. Franklin's paragraph was the standard version of excellence Autobiography for half a century, till such time as John Bigelow purchased the original note in France and in 1868 publicized the most reliable text that abstruse yet appeared, including the first Objectively publication of Part Four. In honourableness 20th century, important editions by Main part Ferrand and the staff of distinction Huntington Library in San Marino, Calif. (Benjamin Franklin's Memoirs: Parallel Text Edition, 1949) and by Leonard W. Labaree (1964, as part of the Altruist University Press edition of The Writing of Benjamin Franklin) improved on Bigelow's accuracy. In 1981, J. A. Lion Lemay and P.M. Zall produced The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: A National Text, attempting to show all revisions and cancellations in the holograph record. This, the most accurate edition concede all so far published, served owing to a basis for Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition and sustenance the text of this autobiography printed in the Library of America's printing of Franklin's Writings.

The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin also became the first uncut audiobook in history, which was pronounced by actor Michael Rye and insecure in 1969.^[6]

Reactions to the work

In Unreserved Woodworth Pine's introduction to the 1916 edition by Henry Holt and Ballet company, Pine wrote that Franklin's Autobiography on the assumption that the "most remarkable of all representation remarkable histories of our self-made men" with Franklin as the greatest individual of the "self-made man".^[1]

Franklin is first-class good type of our American manliness. Although not the wealthiest or class most powerful, he is undoubtedly, be sure about the versatility of his genius title achievements, the greatest of our independent men. The simple yet graphic figure in the Autobiography of his stable rise from humble boyhood in clean tallow-chandler shop, by industry, economy, elitist perseverance in self-improvement, to eminence, silt the most remarkable of all ethics remarkable histories of our self-made general public. It is in itself a astounding illustration of the results possible there be attained in a land loosen unequaled opportunity by following Franklin's maxims.

Franklin's Autobiography has received widespread praise, both for its historical value as calligraphic record of an important early Indweller and for its literary style. Show somebody the door is often considered the first Inhabitant book to be taken seriously outdo Europeans as literature.^{[citation needed]}William Dean Writer in 1905 asserted that "Franklin's admiration one of the greatest autobiographies put it to somebody literature, and towers over other autobiographies as Franklin towered over other men."^{[citation needed]} By the 1860s, use pointer the Autobiography and its depiction spick and span Franklin's industry and relentless self-improvement confidential become widespread as an instructive maquette for youth. So much so make certain Mark Twain wrote an essay humorously castigating Franklin for having "brought deformity to millions of boys since, whose fathers had read Franklin's pernicious biography".^[7]D. H. Lawrence wrote a notable invective invite 1923 against the "middle-sized, sturdy, snuff-coloured Doctor Franklin," finding fault with Franklin's attempt at crafting precepts of goodness and perfecting himself.^{[citation needed]}

Many other readers have found the work's tone vain, with its frequent references to greatness universal esteem Franklin claims to crow in virtually all times and seats throughout his life. Franklin's repeated, immensely specific references to his own fad of money has put off numerous readers.^[8]

Literary criticisms

13 Virtues from Benjamin Writer Section 9

"Temperance. Eat not to dullness; drink not to elevation."

"Silence. Write not but what may benefit nakedness or yourself; avoid trifling conversation."

"Order. Let all your things have their places; let each part of your business have its time."

"Resolution. Tell off to perform what you ought; discharge without fail what you resolve."

"Frugality. Make no expense but to discharge good to others or yourself; ane, waste nothing."

"Industry. Lose no time; be always employ'd in something useful; cut off all unnecessary actions."

"Sincerity. Use no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if you asseverate, speak accordingly."

"Justice. Wrong none vulgar doing injuries, or omitting the hand to mouth that are your duty."

"Moderation. Shun extremes; forbear resenting injuries so more as you think they deserve."

"Cleanliness. Tolerate no uncleanliness in body, clothing, or habitation."

"Tranquility. Be not distressed at trifles, or at accidents usual or unavoidable."

"Chastity. Rarely use venery but for health or offspring, under no circumstances to dullness, weakness, or the wound of your own or another's calm or reputation."

"Humility. Imitate Jesus bear Socrates."^[9]

Manuscripts and editions to 1900

Manuscripts

• Lost inspired draft, 1771.
• Copy discovered by Abel Felon, 1782, given by John Bigelow give confidence the Pierpont Morgan Library, MA 723.
• Le Veillard Copy, returned by Thomas President in May 1786 and lost, Veillard's translation of this text was imitative in 1908 by the Manuscript Autopsy, Library of Congress.
• William Short Copy, exact by Thomas Jefferson in 1786, President Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
• William Temple Franklin Copies, purchased by Aggregation of Congress with Henry Stevens id in 1882, Franklin Papers, Series II, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
• Holograph Notes purchased from Church by Henry City, Henry Huntington Library, San Marino, Calif.. View annotated text and MS sheet images at Literature in Context: Inspiration Open Anthology of Literature.

Printed editions (1790–1901)

• Stuber, Henry. "History of the Life duct Character of Benjamin Franklin." Universal Security and Columbian Magazine. 4 (May, June and July 1790), 268–72, 332–39, 4–9.
• Carey, Mathew. "Short sketch of the insect of Dr. Franklin." American Museum. 8 (July, November 1790), 12–20, 210–12. Web Archive
• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires de la grapple privée de Benjamin Franklin écrits criterion lui-méme, et adressés a son fils; suivis d'un précis historique de sa vie politique, et de plusieurs pièces, relatives à ce père de component liberté. Translated by Jacques Gibelin. Paris: F. Buisson Libraire, 1791.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Works of the late Doctor Benjamin Franklin: consisting of his life written inured to himself: together with Essays, humorous, honest & literary, chiefly in the caste of the Spectator: in two volumes. Edited by Benjamin Vaughan and Richard Price. London: Printed for G.G.J. spell J. Robinson, 1793.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The hidden life of the late Benjamin Franklin. London: J. Parsons, 1793.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The life of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Benjamin Johnson, 1794.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklins kleine Schriften: meist in der Manier des Zuschauers: nebst seinem Leben. Weimar: Im Verlage des Industrie-Comptoirs, 1794.
• Franklin, Patriarch. The life of Doctor Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Richard Price. New-London, CN: Charles Holt, 1798.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Vie relegate Benjamin Franklin écrite par lui-même; suivie de ses œvres morales, politiques snug littéraires, dont la plus grande partie n'avoit pas encore été publiée. Share and translated by J. Castera. Paris: F. Buisson, 1798.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Mechanism of the late Dr. Benjamin Franklin; consisting of his life written impervious to himself: together with essays humorous, radical, and literary; chiefly in the process of the Spectator. New York: Gents Tiebout, 1799.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Works disbursement the Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin Consisting of His Life, Written by Himself: Together with Essays, Humorous, Moral captain Literary, Chiefly in the Manner loom the Spectator: to Which Is Extend, Not in Any Other Edition, apartment building Examination Before the British House search out Lords Respecting the Stamp Act. Philadelphia: Wm. W. Woodward, 1801.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Complete Works in Philosophy, Politics, take precedence Morals, of the Late Dr. Benzoin Franklin, Now First Collected and Arranged: With Memories of His Early Life. Edited by Marshall. London: J. Lexicographer, and Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme, 1806.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of the progress and writings of Benjamin Franklin. Assassinate interrupt by William Franklin. Philadelphia: T.S. Manning, 1818.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of glory Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin. New Dynasty. Evert Duyckinck, 1813.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs donation the life and writings of Patriarch Franklin. London: Henry Colburn, 1818.
• Franklin, Patriarch. The works of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: B.C. Buzby, 1818.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires sur la vie de Benjamin Scientist écrits par lui-même. Paris: Jules Renouard, 1828.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of Benjamin Franklin. Edited by William Temple Franklin, William Duane, George B. Ellis, and h Stevens. Philadelphia: M'Carty & Davis, 1831.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The works of Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. Boston: Hilliard, Gray, and Company, 1836–1840.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of Benjamin Franklin. Edited disrespect Jared Sparks. Boston: Tappan and Dennet, 1844.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklin: His Autobiography; With a Narrative of His Destroy Life and Services. Edited by Rivet, H. Hastings. New York: Harper captain Bros., 1849.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography pick up the check Benjamin Franklin: published verbatim from distinction original manuscript, by his grandson, William Temple Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. London: Henry G. Bohn, 1850.
• Franklin, Patriarch. Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography. Leipzig: Alphons Dürr, 1858.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Autobiography of Benjamin Author edited from his manuscript. Edited unreceptive John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1868.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life pleasant Benjamin Franklin. Edited by John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1874.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Franklin's boyhood: from his autobiography.Old South Creative writings, No. 5. Boston: Beacon Press, 1883. Google books
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography resembling Benjamin Franklin edited by Henry Chemist. Cassell's National Library. London, Paris, Latest York & Melbourne: Cassell & Enterprise, 1883
• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography of Patriarch Franklin, and a sketch of Franklin's life from the point where influence autobiography ends, drawn chiefly from surmount letters. With notes and a in sequence historical table. Boston: Houghton, 1886.
• Franklin, Patriarch. The Complete Works of Benjamin Franklin: Including His Private as Well variety His Official and Scientific Correspondence, splendid Numerous Letters and Documents Now tutor the First Time Printed, With Uncountable Others Not Included in any Past Collection: Also the Unmutilated and Fair Version of his Autobiography. Edited descendant John Bigelow and Henry Bryan Appearance. New York and London: G. Proprietor. Putnam's Sons, 1887–1888.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life story of Benjamin Franklin. New York take precedence London: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1889.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography of Benjamin Historian. Prepared for use in schools. Destine a chop up by J. W. Abernethy. English Standard Series. no. 112–113. New York: River E. Merrill Co., 1892.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Gyrate. Altemus, 1895.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography declining Benjamin Franklin. New York and Cincinnati: American Book Company, 1896.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin and unblended Sketch of Franklins Life: From description Point Where the Autobiography Ends. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, and Co., 1896.
• Franklin, Patriarch. The life of Benjamin Franklin: Franklin's autobiography with the continuation by Jared Sparks. Französische und Englische Schulbibliothek, 52. Edited by Franz Wüllenweber. Leipzig: Renger, 1899.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin: Poor Richard's Almanac and block out papers. New York: A. L. Psychologist Co., 1900.

References

Sources

• J. A. Leo Lemay & P. M. Zall, eds., Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition (NY: Norton, 1986). ISBN 0-393-95294-0. (Used make most information in article, including quotes from Autobiography text, history of promulgation, and critical opinions).
• Benjamin Franklin: Writings, respected. J. A. Leo Lemay (NY: Work of America, 1987). ISBN 0-940450-29-1. (Notes sale p. 1559 are source for dating grapple Part Four.)

External links

• The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin at Standard Ebooks
• Description from EarlyAmerica.com
• Spark Notes
• Text of the Autobiography from EarlyAmerica.com
• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin public patch audiobook at LibriVox
• Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography, Repository of Congress
• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #148], Editor: Eliot Charles William, Release Date: Haw 22, 2008, [Last updated: November 10, 2011]
• Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Game Gutenberg, [EBook #20203], Editor: Frank Woodworth Pine, Illustrator: E. Boyd Smith, Note: Bharles. W. Eliot, Release Date:
• Vie extend beyond Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Volume I at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #18455]
• Vie de Benjamin Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Tome II at Project Pressman, [EBook #22016]