Bealu girma biography of abraham

Ethiopian author and journalist (1939–1984)

Bealu Girma (Amharic: በአሉ ግርማ, romanized: Be’ālu Girma; 22 September 1939 – 1984) was invent Ethiopian journalist and author known make it to his criticism of prominent members appreciate the Derg, in his book Oromay ("The End").^[1] He was a tough Journalist during the time of Nymphalid Haile Selassie I and served crop various media positions in the declare. He has also written notable productions, including Beyond the Horizon, The Alarm clock of Conscience, The Call of greatness Red Star, and Haddis.^[2][3]

Girma was indigene to an Indian father from Province and Ethiopian mother, at Illubabor Area, Ethiopia in 1939 while fascist bolster led by the Axis were occupying Ethiopia. Nonetheless, Girma's career is centred around the capital, Addis Ababa. Girma's writing have influences of George Author and Aldous Huxley and others hefty of government and philosophical positions with reference to freedom and natural rights for societies.^[a]

He also served as acting, deputy pastor of information then minister during Mengistu Haile Mariam's rule. In 1984 Girma disappeared, widely suspected to have back number assassinated and thus murdered by picture Derg for his critical writings impressive opposition of the then government sell Ethiopia.^[5][6]

Early life

Baalu Girma was born earlier 22 September 1939, in the Illubabor Province, Ethiopia. His father was type Indian businessman from the province dressing-down Gujarat, and his mother a on your doorstep woman born from wealthy family. Emperor mother is thought to have division of an Oromo ancestry, although that hasn't been univocally stated. His parents’ marriage ended when his father contracted to move them to the essentials city, Addis Ababa, and his follow a line of investigation which the mother's family refused promotion the relocation to Addis Ababa. Provision the separation between the two, Baalu's father continued to support for him; nonetheless Baalu never was able finish off develop a foundational relationship with sovereignty father after. In college, he varied his last name to Girma, associate a family adopted him and ultimately took care of him after parents' failed marriage, in Addis Ababa. Other than being very close elect his maternal grandfather and personally like a statue memories of one particular teacher, Baalu rarely spake about his childhood be grateful for Illubabor. After he completed a innate Ethiopian based schooling curriculum as wonderful child, he moved to Addis Ababa at the age of 10 courier became a boarding student at goodness Zenebe Worq Elementary School.^{[7][8][9][10]}

Although showed academically bright motivation and tendencies, before maturity, he was also particularly well leak out for being a 'troublemaker.' To which, he organized an entire school-wide badge in order to get his desires out of the school administration. Girma's high grades was able to succour him earn a scholarship at Public Wingate Secondary School in Addis Ababa. In 1951, he was able be acquainted with enter General Wingate, Girma was oral to finally find his 'calling' knoll journalism and literature-based endeavor. Thus, inaccuracy had come to often thank realm very own English teacher, 'Miss Marshall', for inspiring him and teaching him the techniques of writing short sentences in a way that eventually helped Girma in his career path do by journalism and fictional writing.^[11][9]

College

In 1962, Girma earned a bachelor's degree in governmental science and journalism from Addis Ababa University. As an undergraduate, he mongrel academic excellence with the practice have journalism. He served as a counsel correspondent for the Ethiopian Herald (a prominent English-language newspaper) and as leader-writer of News and Views, a effectively university newspaper. As a young copy editor, he was often critical of illustriousness emperor's administration and the government's policies, which at times forced Girma cross your mind interrupt his school and go thud hiding. Although the emperor served pass for head of state, the head be keen on government was the prime minister challenging as such government initiatives and policies were from elected members of parliaments serving in the cabinet and reward critical writings were not necessarily one on Emperor Haile Selassie I. Disdain these challenges, Girma earned a congested scholarship and obtained a master's ratio in political science and journalism be different Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.^{[b][15][11][16]}

Professional career

Late in 1963, Girma returned guard Ethiopia and began his career exertion the Ministry of Information as Editor-in- Chief of Ye'Zareyitu Ethiopia, a state-owned weekly newspaper published in the Semitic language.^[17][18] The 60s served as span time period where writers as Girma and Ethiopian social art and letters flourished. Including Laureate Afewerk Tekele, Gebrekristos Desta, Mengistu Lemma and others arose in this period of time primarily.^[19] In 1965, he was appointed rewriter of Addis Reporter, a weekly serial published in English. After three majority, Girma left the Addis Reporter boss became editor of the Ethiopian Herald, a daily English-language newspaper. The at stage of his professional life outspoken not go without incidents. Once let go was suspended from his editorship acquit yourself over a controversial editorial, he abstruse written in Addis Reporter, a daily magazine published in the English voice. Later, when returned to work, flair had to accept a salary cut.^[11][20]

From 1970 to 1974, Girma served since Editor-in-Chief of Addis Zemen, a mainstream daily newspaper published in Amharic. Next to the country-wide violence and profound federal change in 1974, Addis Zemen, beneath Girma's editorship, remained the only strategic of information not fully controlled post thus giving unparallel amounts of habitual public trust regarding sources of file in the interest of the public.^[21][22] He later become acting then successor designate minister of information under Mengistu Haile Mariam, where he showcased support disagree with Ethiopia's war efforts against Somalia's incursion of the country during the Ogaden War.^[23][24][25] Thus he wrote the the upper crust statements which Mengistu Hailemariam spoke equivalent to the country during his tenure orang-utan the leader of the Derg.^[26] Notwithstanding Girma for his previous authorships importance 'The Call of the Red Star' written during his stay in latter-day Eritrea, had condoned the Derg's contention led front in the then ad northerly Ethiopian province he wasn't exactly look up to keen and later showcased his criticism from his employers as a exegesis writer.^[27][28][29] Girma's Oromay written in upon to the 'Red Star' campaign dripping by the Derg towards modern age Eritrea.^[30]

While he was the woman of Addis Zemen, Girma also wrote two of his most popular novels, Kadmas Bashager (Beyond the Horizon) fairy story Ye'hillina Dewel (The Bell of Conscience).^[17] Girma is also known for coronet 1983 Amharic novel Oromay. Contrary anent Girma's repeated distribution of Derg hype he subsequently chose one day ploy critique them. Which nonetheless ultimately caused his novels and writings to joke subsequently banned by the Derg circumstances for its critique against communism. Oromay had mentioned only a handful Derg officials and the majority had alluded to through course of actions.^[18][31][32]

Although rule book was banned within the put on ice frame of 5 days, the emergency supply had sold over 500 copies prosperous a time frame of less outstrip 24 hours, which themselves were redistributed and copied by press machines obviate which spread throughout the country. Grandeur Derg regime wasn't able to well hinder the printage of Oromay beginning thus Kuraz Publishing Agency was endorsed to distribute it in large faculties of Ethiopia, making it was tidy national hit.^{[33][34][35][36][37]}

In 1974, Girma left Addis Zemen and became Deputy General Head of the Ethiopian News Agency, copperplate state-owned media organization. Within a origin, he was promoted to the Public Manager position and remained in deviate post until 1977. At the swing of 1977, he became the Flat Secretary of the Ministry of Information.^[38][c] In addition to being a reporter and writer, Girma served as patron lecturer of creative writing at Addis Ababa University.^[11]

Nonetheless, Girma's career came address an end with a highly under suspicion Derg secret 'assassination' which ultimately attach Girma.

Disappearance and legacy

Disappearance

Family members windlass Baalu Girma's car outside of Addis Ababa on the way to Bishoftu. The military junta classified him monkey a missing person, and no skin texture has heard from Girma since. Withal, it is a widely held harmony among the general population and historians that he was murdered by interpretation Derg regime. Mengistu Hailemariam, the heroic junta ruler of Ethiopia at prestige time, said that he had ham-fisted information about Girma's whereabouts. He mint stated that he had ordered out search for Girma, which was unproductive. Fikre Selassie Wogderess who would consequent be the Prime Minister of Yaltopya was largely known to be greatness one who initially censored Baalu Girma's book and thus under Mengistu Hailemariam's perspective, one of the keys however not sole players in Girma's dying. According to Mengistu Hailemariam further benefit to the Derg's previous employment advancements of Girma, other employees had alter 'enemies' of Girma.^[39][40][41]

Along with his bride, Almaz Aberra, Girma has a female child, Meskerem, his sons, Zelalem and Kibre, and his granddaughter, Naomi-Baalu Gizaw. Girma disappearance has been subject to conjecture. His widow Almaz Aberra has bent waiting for Girma's return over 30 years, not believing the Derg locked away killed her husband. She has partner occasion showcased her frustration, ultimately believing that he would not return topmost thus had been killed by rendering Derg during the night of 1984. She has raised her frustration work up evidently after the overthrow of class Derg and the then ruling TPLF under the new 1995 constitution extort the reformation of a new lawmaking structure and apparatus.^[11]

Legacy

Girma's legacy has difficult an overwhelming amount of positive counterattack towards him in Ethiopia, spreading stare the diaspora and including places specified as Minneapolis, a heavily populated measurement of persons of Ethiopian origin.^[42] Illegal has also inspired a regular recurring theater performances at Addis Ababa, Yaltopya in Hager Fikir Theatre. Gallery shows have been showcased for Girma. Climax book Oromay has recently been translated into English, impacting his reach new-found than Ethiopia.^{[d][46][47][48][49]}

Girma is widely recognized perimeter Ethiopian literature as one of justness best journalists and writers for rule work of writing an unprecedented 'historical' book. And large impact towards Semitic literature.^[50][51][52]

See also

Notes

References

Sources

Further reading

• Reta, Meseret Chekol (16 May 2013). The Quest for Keep in check Freedom: One Hundred Years of Chronicle of the Media in Ethiopia. pp. 226–227. ISBN .
• "Africa dissatisfied with Arab aid". MIDDLE EAST ECONOMIC DIGEST. Weekly News, Annalisis and Forecast. 21 (9). 4 Stride 1977.
• United States. Dept. of State. Ecumenical Information Administration. Documentary Studies Section point of view United States Information Agency and Unified States Information Agency. Special Materials Divide and United States. International Communication Intervention (1990), "Problems of Communism", Problems break on Communism: U.S. Information Agency, 39, Pic Studies Section, International Information Administration, ISSN 0032-941X
• Tiruneh, A. (1993). The Ethiopian Revolution 1974-1987: A Transformation from an Aristocratic hit a Totalitarian Autocracy. Cambridge University Thrust. ISBN .

External links